Well
We say that road traffic or car traffic affects air pollution.
In this, we need to do a simple understanding of the pollution mechanism.
There are actually two kinds of air pollution.
We won't have a rest.
Well
Let's go on
There is a kind of pollution.
We call particulate pollution
As we usually say, the power or the name is wrong.
There is a branch that has been established, right?
Then these suspended particles, it varies according to their size.
There's pm100pm ten isn't there
PM2.5
This is a solid state.
Another is gaseous.
As far as our air pollution is concerned, we often talk about greenhouse gases.
Friends will talk about Liu talking about eggs.
So there was a time when I remember there was a report saying
Shanghai's PM2.5 tastes different from Beijing's pm2.52.
It seems that every city has a bad taste.
What's that smell?
This is about gaseous pollutants.
Because it's different in chemistry.
Here is simply to tell you a difference.
We know that there are many diesel cars in Europe now.
A diesel engine car
And the diesel engine as an energy-saving and emission reduction measures in the push.
Why?
Because of the diesel engine, everyone should pay attention.
It does not produce greenhouse gas emissions.
It burns diesel, it is discharged.
No carbon in the tail gas
It's nitrogen
But the diesel engine doesn't emit greenhouse gases.
It has the biggest problem
It discharges particulate matter
Financial engines it produces a lot of particulate matter.
Especially PM10
About Paris
Why is his partial eclipse index high?
Because in fact, there are a lot of cars in Paris, about sixty or seventy percent.
In fact, diesel engines are used.
Car
Early on, diesel engine technology failed.
It does not pass the filter technology.
So it's very polluted
In recent years because of pushing diesel engines.
Car
Each auto manufacturer has improved the filter efficiency.
So in Europe, many diesel-powered cars do not emit greenhouse gases to some extent.
So it is more inclined relative to the gasoline engine.
This is a
Then some students say
Why don't we get a diesel engine in China?
Well
Everyone can go and look inside the gas station.
Our diesel engine has only one type called zero diesel.
Right
But if you put this diesel in our diesel engine car
The car may break down soon.
Our zero diesel is universal
It is a large amount to be used in agricultural production.
It can't be too expensive.
Because if zero diesel is high,
The price of our agricultural products will follow.
Well
Because all the tractor farm cars
Including many transportation logistics
These big trucks for long distance transportation
Coal-carrying
It's all diesel engines
And these cars, it actually on the quality of oil, it is not so high requirements.
So why can't a diesel car be pushed around in China now?
In fact, people used to want to push diesel engines.
But because of our oil, this is really not good.
This is an extra reminder for everyone.
So maybe a lot of you would think
We have a lot of technology right now
Can improve pollution
We know that there are improvements to the diesel filtration technology just mentioned.
There is a very unique picture when we start using natural gas.
For some time in Shanghai, taxis were powered by natural gas.
There is an air tank behind.
Right
So after using natural gas like this
He also has no carbon emissions.
There is no possibility, and there is very little emission of particles.
And now a lot of cars, it starts using biofuels.
Even some cars started using Ye Qing.
There are now many improvements in fuel technology.
In addition, we also see more and more of what electric cars are good.
BYD, right?
It is now full of streets.
BYD has a lot of Qin
We all call it the new energy car.
Even the Hummer company
He also developed such a concept car.
This is otwo
That is to say, if I were this car in the future.
It not only pollutes the environment.
Even oxygen can be produced.
That is, it does not produce pollution.
It will also improve the air.
If this car is put into use
Because we know that the development of the industry, the rapid technological progress.
Now the artificial intelligence can beat the go master.
Right
I think this may not be impossible.
So, some of you may think
If it is such a car
So we have no reason to oppose him.
Or now we've seen
There are many electric cars in many places, aren't there?
The development is also very good.
Isn't it
We'll just have to turn all the cars into electric cars in the future.
Then the city traffic will be sustainable.
This environmental problem is gone.
Let's look at some news.
This is the news from the last two weeks.
You can find it as soon as you search it on the Internet.
Tesla is known to all
He is also like environmental protection, is it a kind of picture?
Car
But the car arrived in Singapore.
Be fined for carbon emissions
High
Why
So if you look at the news carefully
And you'll find out
Because Tesla actually uses too much power
The same electric car
Like BMW
His latest a7 is also big.
It uses about three percent less electricity than he does, about one third of it.
So it's a big power consumption problem
This is the picture on the right.
What's wrong with your TV?
If your TV will burn coal in the future
Then you are in the city and you are using electricity okay
Very clean
But where do you move your pollution invisible?
Moved to the suburbs
To
So that means judging from such an assessment
So Singapore, that's how it works.
He has an emission factor
He calculated
You use electricity for Tesla
Of course, it can reduce some emissions.
But you use too much electricity
You make this electricity
It will add some emissions.
Compare the two
In the end, he had to fine $15,000.
So this, I think, is a whole chain of assessment.
Not that an electric car is really clean.
This is also a foreign scholar on China's electric vehicles a concern.
On the one hand, the battery here, I do not open.
This is a very technical problem.
The key is how to come to your shop.
If in Europe, like France, 80% of its energy is derived from nuclear power plants and energy.
I think it's clean.
So your electric car is cleaner in France than in China is it
So I would like to remind you of this
There is another problem.
The electric car can not be solved.
Right
Space possession
Right
We can look at the picture below.
I'm talking about this picture.
That is to say, on a section of road
I want to transport so many people from one point to another.
If by bus
Just one car is enough.
If it's in a car
He is going to take all the way.
That is to say, this picture has so many people.
If he only uses a bus
Just a little space is enough.
What does this mean?
It's too much space for a car.
Let's look at it briefly.
The standard size of a car is about one meter eight by five meters.
Width 1 meter 8
Five meters long
Our standard size
So near the area, it is nine square meters.
If two times, right?
But everyone knows
When we were designing the garage
We will give the car an area of about 25 to 30 square meters.
Because we have to consider it in addition to ten square meters of parking space.
What do we have to think about it
The way it stops in, it has to come in.
Drag up and down the aisle, etc.
So if we count on this indicator
A car it's used in the city
We also count it 30 square meters.
Now we look at the per capita urban construction sites.
One person is about one hundred square meters.
So what does that mean
In the per capita 100 square meters.
1/33 for the car
You can only use two thirds
Well
And everyone knows you bought a car.
You must be reluctant to park the car two kilometers away.
You'd better have the car downstairs.
In other words, the car will follow you wherever you go.
Right
So it's obvious that we'll find out.
If everyone buys a car
What's the last thing to do?
The city must expand.
The city can't hold so many people if it doesn't expand.
Because these people he carried a car on his back
And he followed him in this car
Well
You just have to imagine this picture
You know the car takes up this space.
This problem can't be solved.
Even if you are Otto
You have to take up so much space.
Some students said yes.
We folded it up and hung it up.
Or can we turn it into two rounds?
This is another topic.
Because we know what's good about cars.
Is allowing you to move at a speed of 50 to 60 kilometers.
Right
If it's a motorcycle
You use 50 to 60 kilometers to move
You're just kidding with your name
Right
So why does our car have to be so big now?
So heavy
Just to get you to move fifty or sixty kilometers
You can still survive
So if you really do this car, it's very light.
Capable of being hung and folded.
In theory it's very good.
But if there is no corresponding intelligent traffic safety to manage.
Nobody dares to drive.
As soon as we hit the road, we flew out.
There is another problem.
I don't know if anyone has thought about it.
In fact, if you have a car,
It's quite high for most people to use it for two hours every day.
The man who can do it for three hours is already great.
Because we know eight hours a day, right?
You work for eight hours
You drive an hour and a half to work.
Come back in an hour and a half
This is already very tired.
Most people use a little more than an hour a day.
Almost
24 hours a day
And then you know a car like that
In fact, when you use it.
Less than 10%.
Well
This is the car you bought.
In fact, there is 90% time.
You're giving it up there
Put it on a nice parking garage
Or in a parking space
Go and see if you'll be touched.
You really use it in time.
Shoot to death
10%
Well
So what is it?
You go out to play on the weekend.
A few days out on the holidays
If you have time, you can do your own statistics.
If you have a car in your own house
You can count
Sure how much time do you really have with it
Well
You'll find that it's not a good deal, is it?
Well
That's what I said
In addition to polluting the environment
Emission problems
One more thing, especially in the city.
If you are in the countryside, you can ask.
He has plenty of places to go.
But you're going to live in the city.
Then you have to carry a station.
What about this one behind you?
Well
As I said just now
I think the main thing is to let everyone know.
In fact, there are many abstract truths.
It's not that abstract
Easy to understand
It is also a very specific problem.
So we are now in the current state of our country.
We should take the road of sustainable urban and rural transportation.
How to set good economic growth?
How to establish the relationship between economic growth, environmental protection and social equity
This question is, in a sense, my personal understanding of the pptppt.
Not necessarily right
And in different countries
You will find that his priorities for these goals are different.
I think in our country
Our current city
Our sustainable city
Urban and rural transportation must first meet the travel needs of residents.
This is the first thing to buy
First of all, be satisfied.
Because we know what we're doing now, right?
The new urbanization means that we have more and more people to concentrate in the city.
We have just reached the stage of 50%.
So many cities, many provinces.
It has forecast to reach 70%.
There are 20% more people coming to the city.
Then more and more people come to the city.
What does that mean?
It means we have to provide more transportation services.
Because these people he came here to work.
Have to learn
Have to travel
So first of all, meet the challenge.
You can't say I'm trying to protect the environment.
I'm not doing anything
At last it was very difficult for them to go out.
I think the matter should be satisfied.
In addition, we also see that in recent years, everyone's living standards are improving.
So after the improvement in living standards
Its willingness to travel is also high.
I want to hang out more, right?
Go out to visit relatives and friends
So in that case
You spend more time at work than before.
I now have more time to spend on living, spending and shopping.
In other words, our way of life has changed.
So before I went out I had no request
I seem to have a high standard of living.
Sometimes I want to talk about efficiency.
For example, when I go to work, I hope it's fast.
I'm going to be comfortable on the weekend
I want to take a car.
I can sell you
But I want to be comfortable
So we can see the demand now
It is more and more diverse.
I want to meet the demand.
Is a sustainable urban and rural transport is a primary goal.
Because you can see that there are two words behind sustainable development.
Have no development
You're sustainable
It doesn't make any sense either
The difficulty lies in sustainable development and sustainability.
How to solve this contradiction?
But at this stage, our country is still seeking development.
I think meeting the demand is the first priority.
If you want to guarantee a goal.
Then the second aspect is also related to development.
We should constantly improve our efficiency in urban and rural transportation.
To serve economic development
We can't say that we are very developed now.
So in terms of cars
Now there is also a statistic.
Globally, if we have cars per thousand people.
The world average is about 140 vehicles.
One thousand people have 140 cars.
So the situation in China
Now there are about 70 cars per thousand people.
The average level of the world I am talking about is that even African countries and these underdeveloped countries are all included in it.
That is, the per capita ownership rate of cars in our country.
If it's not a city
In general, it is below the global level.
So as a very efficient means of transportation
If we don't make good use of it
In fact, we will also lose a lot of opportunities for development.
Because we know that good economic organization works.
It needs to minimize the cost of transportation, the cost of time, and the cost of opportunity.
Then meet sustainable transportation
On the basis of the need to support economic development
We should further strengthen the protection of environment and resources.
To improve social equity
So this is one for our country at this stage
Because in many cities
Shanghai, of course, is a relatively developed region.
But if we go to the mainland to see.
There are many cities.
In fact, the transport infrastructure is still quite backward.
We can't say we're going to have sustainable urban and rural transportation.
That's a lot of things not to do
So now we are still in such a stage that we do not fill the gap.
In fact, for many cities.
Then by the way
So in many developed countries
For example, in some countries where infrastructure is already well developed.
Like France, it's sustainable transportation.
It will put social justice first.
Therefore, we can not say that one-sided to take it.
Because we know we found out yesterday, right?
The explosion in Belgium is, to put it bluntly, an intensification of social contradictions.
In other words, in Europe, the main problem now is social problems.
Go beyond economic problems
So naturally, they will put the social goals in the first place among the three sustainable projects.
So what I want to tell you is not that it must be more reasonable in my order.
But when we decide policy
It is also usually given priority.
Well
Priorities are determined by the city.
To determine by specific circumstances.
So specifically
What should we do in the traffic?
First, to meet the needs.
In big cities, we should give priority to the development of public transport.
That is to say, we are below the purpose of meeting the demand.
We should give priority to public transport to meet demand.
Instead of using cars to meet demand
Especially for big cities
The big city here contains the big city.
At the same time, there is also a phenomenon to pay attention to.
Like some small cities, he also has to build subway.
Because he said I want a bus first
I think we should also be vigilant about this phenomenon.
Because small cities have more reasonable or better adapted to their conditions of public transport.
There are even some non-public transport modes
For example, bicycles.
It is probably the most efficient in a small city.
At this time, you do not use such a way of transportation to meet the needs of the building of the subway.
I think this is a ridiculous thing.
Second, we should guide and respond positively to the development of the car.
Policy makers must not say that I do not look at demand.
I just covered my eyes and said I wanted to limit the car.
This is not allowed
Because of that
There is no way to implement your policy.
Because all the people below you, he's waiting in line to play.
I think you must know the car correctly.
After the car
What is a policy direction we are?
Is strictly controlled
What about reasonable guidance?
Its growth is, in a sense, inevitable.
Only to one degree
That is, everyone is tired of cars.
All in particular, there is now a new generation of young people in the United States.
Because he grew up in the car culture.
He has no sense of the novelty of the car at 1:00.
Instead, he thought it was a very low grade.
Or is it really a very unhealthy product?
When he started to reject him
But I think for many young people in China, cars may not have reached this level.
So we have to deal with a social needs and its trends correctly.
Especially in big cities and big cities to control the amount of possession.
At the same time to limit its use.
To enable the user to use it reasonably
For example, if there is already a public transport service between the two traffic points.
Is it possible to persuade them to use public transport?
Instead of using a car
Well
The third aspect involves the third mode of transportation.
Non-motor traffic
Walking and cycling
We should actively support it.
Because of this, it is the most vulnerable form of transportation.
And we know that the more non-motor traffic, the more we walk.
The more users of natural public transport
Because of the people who use the bus, he can't say no.
He had to go through a walk to get to the station.
At another station, he had to walk to complete his journey.
So if we get into a bad habit
The more you walk
The number of users of natural buses will increase.
The last two points are more abstract.
Later, we can combine examples to talk about.
The more traffic there is in a city, the better.
Detroit is a very bad example.
Once a mode of transportation doesn't work.
The city is paralyzed.
Be sure to avoid it in a big city.
Therefore, we should actively develop a variety of forms of transportation travel possibilities.
Various modes of transportation
And then to promote their integration and cohesion.
Finally, it is necessary to build a people-oriented inclusive.
Inclusiveness means that we have to consider the travel needs of our young and strong people.
We also have to take into account the elderly, taking into account the disabled, their travel needs.
What we often talk about now is accessibility.