坦克车或者一辆汽车 A tank car or a car.
一个轮胎是在制造的产品 A tire is made in the product.
一个轮胎是全新的产品 A tire is a brand new product.
然后来比较 And then compare
开车的时候有没有差别 Is there any difference when driving?
质量怎么样 How is the quality?
他还甚至比出了寿命 He even compares life expectancy.
他说寿命它经过表面修复的轮胎比全新材料的还要好 He said the life span of its surface-repaired tires is better than new materials.
恐怕就是用的橡胶不太一样了 I'm afraid the rubber is different.
是吧 Right
总之这个方向是非常好 In short, this direction is very good.
所以我现在到处给他鼓吹 So now I'm preaching to him everywhere
他老来感谢我 He always comes to thank me.
我说你不要感谢你 I say you don't want to thank you.
这是在为这个世界为中国做大好事 This is doing great good for the world for China.
是不是 Isn't it
他还有好多别的例子 He has many other examples.
然后钢铁工业我刚才已经说了 Then the steel industry, as I said earlier,
我们有产能过剩的问题 We have the problem of excess capacity.
但是钢铁工业钢铁行业 But the steel industry
我们中国的搞循环经济 China's recycling economy
搞生态工业化做得很好 We have done a good job in ecological industrialization.
他们你看在钢铁工业里搞三大循环 They you see, in the steel industry, there are three major cycles.
一个是三个炉子炼铁炼钢炼胶 One is three furnaces to make iron, steel, and glue.
这三个炉子的可燃气体它都拿来用来发电 The combustible gas of the three stoves is used to generate electricity.
它可以带出一个发电厂来 It can bring out a power plant
然后水她钢铁厂的水主要用在两大用途 Then the water in her steel works is mainly used for two major purposes.
一个是冷却水 One is cooling water.
是不是 Isn't it
最后这个水就是温度升高一点 Finally, the water is a little warmer.
你把它再降温还可以用 You can use it if you cool it again.
还有一个是用途洗的水洗煤气水焦炉 There is also a water washing gas coke oven for use in washing.
然后只要把洗地水的污染物质去掉 Then just remove the pollutants from the washing water
就还可以用 You can still use it
第三个他就搞这几个炉子的查 The third one he did the checking of these stoves.
他都来回收做建筑材料的原料 He came to recycle materials for building materials.
所以它钢铁工业现在不光是炼钢炼铁还可以发电 So its steel industry is not only steel-making, iron-making, but also power generation.
还可以是制造建筑材料 It can also be building materials.
还可以把城市的垃圾拿去放在他的炉子里烧 You can also take the city's trash and put it in his stove.
又帮你处理了垃圾 I helped you with the garbage again.
又回收了垃圾里的能源 Reclaiming energy from the garbage
我们这有一个数字 We have a number here
你看水的用量 Look at the amount of water.
在2000年全国的钢铁工业的平均数字是一吨钢用25立方米水 In 2000, the national steel industry's average figure is 25 cubic meters of water for a ton of steel.
到2010年只用四个立方米水 Only four cubic metres of water will be used by 2010.
最近我得到的数据 The data I got recently
我不是刚才改没来得及改 I didn't have time to change it.
2014年只用3.5立方米的水 In 2014, only 3.5 cubic meters of water were used.
大家看这个变化是不是生态效率的提高 Let us see if this change is an improvement in ecological efficiency.
是不是这个很显着的例子 Is this a remarkable example?
而且我经常宣传 And I often advertise
它平均有3.5立方米水 It has an average of 3.5 cubic metres of water.
说明还有很多钢铁厂是大于3.5 Note that many steel mills are larger than 3.5.
还有一部分钢铁厂是小于3.5 Some steel mills are less than 3.5.
比如说唐山钢铁公司一吨钢只用1.8立方米 For example, Tangshan iron and steel company only uses 1.8 cubic meters of steel per ton.
现在工信部正在推广 Now the Ministry of industry and information technology is promoting.
就是要让先进的技术推广到所有的产业 Is to allow advanced technology to be extended to all industries.
如果我们所有的钢铁厂都能达到四个立方米或者3.5立方米 If all our steel works can reach four cubic meters or 3.5 cubic meters.
我们平均数字不是又要减少 Our average figure is not going to be reduced again
如果我们这个已经在平均数字范围的人 If we are already in the average range of people.
钢铁厂如果能够达到唐钢的水平 If steel works can reach the level of Tang steel
那不是又又要提高 That's not going to improve again
所以这个是非常让人看了很兴奋的 So this is very exciting to watch.
而且唐山钢铁公司它不用自来水 And Tangshan iron and steel company, it does not use tap water.
不用河水不用井水 No river water, no well water
他用的是污水厂排出来的 He was discharged from the sewage works.
我们叫它中水 We call it water
原来不是上下水道吗 Isn't it a sewer?
现在多出一个中水来 Now give me one more stroke
它不是它就用这个 It's not it just uses this
这个不是又是一个创新 This is not another innovation
又是一个好的事 Another good thing
然后宝钢也做了很多好的事 Then Baosteel also did a lot of good things.
我就不再讲了 I'll stop talking.
汽车工业现在也都在那 The auto industry is also there now.
尽量的少用汽油 Use as little gasoline as possible
少产生污染 Less pollution
汽车要变轻 The car is going to get lighter
就是搞绿色的方向 That is, in the green direction.
然后建筑工业也是有各种各样的办法 Then there are all kinds of ways for the construction industry.
要节能 To save energy
要舒适 Be comfortable
然后节能不光是利用人工的采暖跟制冷设备 Then, energy saving is not only the use of artificial heating and refrigeration equipment.
还要从建筑材料上就要改变 It has to be changed from building materials.
大家要知道的比我多了 People need to know more than I do.
要请吴校长来讲 Please ask principal Wu to speak
然后化学现在就是绿色化学 And chemistry is now green chemistry.
绿色化工从开始原子水平上就开始的设计 Design of green chemical industry from the beginning of atomic level
然后一个工艺过程都要绿色化 Then a process must be green.
克林顿做美国总统的时候 When Clinton was president of the United States
专门设了一个绿色化学总统讲 A special green chemistry president said.
我讲的时候要用这个 I will use this when I speak.
可能会有些人反感 There may be some antipathy
因为大家一听到克林顿就想到他的丑闻 Because as soon as we heard Clinton, we thought of his scandal.
但是克林顿的可持续发展观念很强的 But Clinton has a strong sense of sustainable development.
他在位的时候做了很多好事 He did a lot of good things when he was in office.
可惜的是做了一个大坏事 It's a pity to have done a bad thing.
所以自己都名声全坏了 So I have a bad reputation
然后现在我们要原料绿色化 And now we want the ingredients green
化学反应绿色化放心 Chemical reaction greening at ease
反应技术绿色化 Reaction technology greening
产品绿色化 Product greening
能源绿色化 Energy greening
我们中国的海尔是个家电企业 Haier in China is a household appliance enterprise.
他老总绿色的概念很好 The green concept of his boss is very good.
所以做的冰箱是很节电的 So the refrigerator is very power-efficient.
然后公司里头的绿色的理念很普及 Then the green idea in the company is very popular.
所以他曾经得到过一个全球可持续发展成就奖 So he has received a global achievement award for sustainable development.
这个很了不起 This is great
然后这个是有些在魏恰克的书里头 Then this is something in Wei Qiake's book.
大家看松下电冰箱的能耗降低了这么多 You see, Panasonic refrigerator energy consumption has been reduced so much.
然后这个是造纸工业的用水量也是在一年一年的下降 Then this is the paper industry's water consumption is also in a year-on-year decline.
然后这个是魏恰克的话 Then this is what Wei Qiake said.
他说解决全球气候变化的途径是什么 He said what is the way to solve global climate change?
我们今天也不讲了 We won't talk about it today
反正将来这个东西你们要愿意看的话还可以看 Anyway, you can see this in the future if you want to.
然后他说什么是今天的新技术 Then he said, what is today's new technology?
这个也讲了 This is also said.
最后他的结论是绿色技术 Finally, he concluded that green technology.
我非常拥护他的说法 I strongly support his statement.
就跟刚才我讲的观念一样 Just like what I said just now
我们现在有一个口号叫要大力的开发战略型新兴产业 We now have a slogan called to vigorously develop strategic emerging industries.
是不是 Isn't it
但是你我刚才已经说过了 But you and I just said
化工产业关门不关门 The chemical industry is closed.
你要不要发展了 Do you want to develop?
不能关门还要发展 Can not close the door, but also develop.
你仿制食品这些工业要不要发展 Do you want to develop the industries of imitation food?
人离不开它 People can't live without it.
都要发展 Want to develop
但是这些传统产业过去产生污染很多 But these traditional industries used to produce a lot of pollution.
浪费能源也很多 There is a lot of waste of energy.
今天你在什么方向 What direction are you in today?
就是他说要发展绿色 That is, he said to develop green.
绿色的纺织产业 Green textile industry
绿色的造纸产业 Green paper industry
绿色的食品展绿色的化工产业 Green food show green chemical industry
这个很重要 This is very important.
然后我们西方还有一种观念叫提供服务来代替出售商品 Then we in the west have the idea of providing services instead of selling goods.
比如说本来是指卖地毯 For example, originally meant selling carpets.
现在美国有一家公司不卖 Now there is a company in the United States that does not sell.
就出租地毯 Rent out the carpet
为什么 Why
因为老百姓用地毯用脏了就要扔掉变垃圾了 Because common people use carpet to be dirty, be about to throw away change rubbish.
他现在出租 He is renting out now.
你租几年你还给我 You rent it for a few years and you give it back to me.
然后他来清洗它来反旧还新 Then he came to clean it to fight against old and new.
而且他把地毯的设计变了 And he changed the design of the carpet
变成两层 Become two layers
清洗跟更换的只是表面层 Clean and replace only the surface layer.
是不是底下的承托层可以用好久 Is it possible to use the bottom layer for a long time?
生命周期就延长了 The life cycle is extended.
然后最后它的废物资源消耗会大大减少 Then finally, its waste resource consumption will be greatly reduced.
然后我们现在有工业生态学 And now we have industrial ecology
有好多新的观念 There are many new ideas.
比如我这里列了三个 For example, I listed three here.
这个是非常普及的了 This is very popular
一个叫产业共生代谢 One is called industrial symbiosis
什么叫产业共生代谢 What is industry symbiosis metabolism?
就是工厂的废物 Is the waste of the factory
拿来坐下 Bring it and sit down
一个工厂或者下两个工厂 One factory or the next two factories
三个工厂的原料 Raw materials for three factories
你必须得共同生存 You have to live together
你的废料做我的原料 Your waste is my raw material.
这个就非常好了 This is very good
最后的结果不是资源消耗的少了 The end result is not less resource consumption.
废物排放 Waste discharge
第二个是关键你要提的就是美国人 The second is the key, you have to mention the Americans.
强调对于所有的工业产品一定要做生命周期的全分析 Emphasize that all industrial products must be done for the life cycle of the full analysis.
从开采资源开始到生产到消费 From exploitation of resources to production to consumption
到最后扔弃 To the last ditch
它用一个生动的词来来描写生命周期 It uses a vivid word to describe the life cycle.
他说从摇篮到坟墓不是像我们人的一生了 "From cradle to grave," he said, "it is not like our life."
生命全周期 Life cycle
但是最近他的理念变了 But recently his ideas have changed.
大概十年以前 About ten years ago
它把从摇篮到坟墓改成从摇篮到摇篮 It changed from cradle to grave to cradle to cradle.
大家一看就明白了这个是不是循环经济了 As soon as we see it, we can see whether this is a circular economy.
对不对 Right or wrong
然后他要做生命周期 Then he has to do the life cycle.
每一个阶段 Every stage
开采资源你怎么节约 How do you save resources?
你怎么提高资源的开采率 How do you increase the exploitation rate of resources?
然后运输你怎么做到减少能耗 Then transport how do you reduce energy consumption?
减少污染 Reduce pollution
然后你生产过程怎么搞 Then what about your production process?
清洁生产 Clean production
然后你消费等会我们要讲到最后你怎么循环利用 And then you spend later, we'll talk about how you recycle at the end.
最后一个跟前面观点一样 The last one is the same as the previous one.
我们大家过去有个城市的垃圾堆 We all used to have a city dump
刚才我还说了是吧 I said it just now, didn't I?
垃圾包围城市 Rubbish surrounds the city
这是彻头彻尾的贬义词 It's an absolute derogatory term.
对不对 Right or wrong
现在贬义词被世界上好多国家改变了 Now the derogatory term has been changed by many countries in the world.
最早提出建议的是个日本人 The first person to make a suggestion was a Japanese.
后来好多人响应 Later, many people responded.
就把城市的垃圾说成是城市矿山 Say the city's garbage is a city mine.
大家想想有道理 Let's think it makes sense
垃圾堆里什么没有 There's nothing in the trash
对不对 Right or wrong
金银铜铁锡 Gold, silver, copper, tin
各种各样的金属矿产资源 All kinds of metal mineral resources
还有非亲属矿产资源 And non-relative mineral resources
还有那种还可以利用的成品 There is also the kind of finished products that can be used.
是不是 Isn't it
所以现在西方就说马伊琳的CTS要开发城市矿山 So now the west says that Maureen's CTS will develop urban mines
现在我们中国也在努力往这个方向做 Now we in China are also trying to do in this direction.
所以这些理念我们都要用 So we have to use all these ideas
然后我们中国有很多的工业园区 Then we have a lot of industrial parks in China.
工业园区但是没有生态化 Industrial parks, but there is no ecology.
现在我们非常需要来推动 Now we really need to push
我这里写了生态工业园区的四三个特点 Here I write the four characteristics of the eco-industrial park.
其实还有第一个就是所有的工厂都要推行清洁生产 In fact, there is also the first is that all factories have to implement cleaner production.
然后我在这里举了两个生态工业园区的例子 Then I give two examples of eco-industrial parks here
这是丹麦的卡伦堡生态工业园区是我们世界上公认的第一座生态工业 It is the first ecological industry in the world.
园区 Park
他什么时候开始建的 When did he start building?
是上一个世纪的70年代的末期 It was the late 1970s of the last century.
所以也很早 So it's early
是不是 Isn't it
然后我不详细讲了 Then I won't go into details.
大家以后看一看这个图 Let's take a look at the picture later.
然后我们中国现在这个是生态工业园区可以节水节油节煤减排 Then we China now this is an ecological industrial park, can save water, fuel, coal emission reduction.
二氧化碳 Carbon dioxide
然后这个是我们中国一个例子 Then this is an example of our China.
在广西的贵港 In Guigang, Guangxi
本来它只有一条产业链 Originally, it had only one industrial chain.
就是它种甘蔗 It grows sugar cane
然后甘蔗做原料制糖 Then sugar is made from sugar cane.
最后产品就是糖 The last product is sugar.
现在他把甘蔗渣甘蔗业 Now he has the sugar cane industry
甘蔗的水 Sugar cane water
然后过滤的泥 Then the filtered mud
还有我们的糖蜜 And our molasses
这种废料过去扔掉的 The waste was thrown away in the past.
他都利用了增加了七个厂 He has taken advantage of the addition of seven factories.
除了制糖厂以外 In addition to the sugar factory
增加了七个厂 Seven factories have been added.
结果产品有牛肉 The result is beef
有牛奶的制品 Milk products
然后有造纸的纸浆的制品 Then there is paper pulp products.
还有能源沼气什么等等 And energy, biogas, and so on.
还有肥料 And fertilizer
还有饲料 And feed
总之他们自己说把甘蔗吃光炸尽 In short, they say they eat all the sugar cane and fry it up.
资源利用率达到的最高污染物排放的达到了最少 The utilization rate of resources reached the highest, the discharge of pollutants reached the lowest.
所以我们当务之急一定要做 So we have to do it now.
然后生态农业 Then ecological agriculture
我们现在的农业越来越人工化 Our agriculture is becoming more and more artificial.
大家知道 Everybody knows
可能有些同学农业来 Some students may come to agriculture.
现在我们农村用的肥料主要是什么肥料 What kind of fertilizer is the main fertilizer used in our country now?
不再是粪便了是吧 It's not shit anymore, is it?
人畜粪便 Human and animal waste
而是化肥 But fertilizer
我们中国的农田的每亩地单位面积的化肥用量是世界平均水平的四倍 The amount of fertilizer per mu of farmland in China is four times the world average.
到六倍 To six times
所以这个就造成了面源污染 So this has caused the surface source pollution.
富营养污染很厉害 Nutrient-rich pollution is very serious.
农药还造成了一些有害的影响 Pesticides also have some harmful effects.
所以我们一定要搞生态农业 Therefore, we must engage in ecological agriculture.
然后我们能源要好好的改改 Then we have to make a good change in energy.
煤炭是我们中国的主要的初级先我们要节能 Coal is the main primary in our China, and we should save energy first.
不管什么地方都要好好的节能 No matter where you are, you should save energy well.
这个是工业消费服务行业都有这个问题 This is the industry, consumption and service industries have this problem.
然后led照明这个是不用说了 Then led lighting this is needless to say.
然后煤炭现在我认识好多煤炭方面的专家 And now I know a lot of coal experts.
他们已经做出很多成果来 They have made a lot of achievements.
就是叫多联产方案 It's called the multi-output plan
这是我们清华的热能工程是做出来 This is the thermal engineering of our Tsinghua university.
就是说煤炭一定要做到清洁利用 That is to say, coal must be used cleanly.
要把里头的什么有用物质都有 You should have everything useful in it.
回收店生产电回收化工产品 Production of electric and recycled chemical products by recycling stores
然后炙热还有人工的制剂回来 And then the heat and the artificial preparation came back
所以较多联产方案 So more joint production schemes
这样的话污染就大大减少 In this way, the pollution will be greatly reduced.
然后我们还要开开发非常规是源主要两大种 Then we have to open the development of unconventional sources is the main two.
一个是每一层次 One is every level.
一个是叫页岩气页岩气开发 One is called shale gas development.
在中国困难一些 It is more difficult in China.
技术也差一些 The technology is also a little worse.
然后生物质能源很多 And then there's a lot of biomass energy
比如我们现在叫的很多的秸秆 For example, we now call a lot of straw.
是吧 Right
那么这种我们要用一种非常好的技术 So we're going to use a very good technique
就是我们环境保护利用的很多的厌氧消化 Is that we use a lot of anaerobic digestion for environmental protection
利用微生物来把有机物转化成为甲烷制景 Using microbes to convert organic matter into methane production
然后风能太阳能海浪能我们中国正在大力的发展 Then wind, solar and ocean waves can, we are developing vigorously in China.
但是我在这里要补充一句话 But I would like to add a few words here.
就是对于这种绿色能源 It's about this green energy
我们一定要注意 We must pay attention to it.
我们就调过去 We'll move over
一定要进行生命周期的全分析 Must carry on the life cycle complete analysis.
比如太阳能 Such as solar energy
你光电板生产出来以后 After you produce the photovoltaic panel
放在太阳光底下 Put in the sun
你就可以发电了 You can generate electricity.
这个电完全是清洁的 The electricity is completely clean.
是不是 Isn't it
没有二氧化碳 No carbon dioxide
但是多晶硅的光电板的生产过程 But the production process of polycrystalline silicon photocell
大家如果去追究一下 If we go to investigate
第一它要消耗男的 First, it will consume men.
他这个能是绿色的吗 Can this be green?
不是 No
他那个可能是 He that might be
煤炭还没有 Coal is not yet available
完全是清洁化的人生 A clean life
另外一个它产生不产生污染 The other is that it produces no pollution.
产生污染 Produce pollution
刺入划归的污染非常严重 The pollution of the entry is very serious.
是一个致癌的化学物质 It is a carcinogenic chemical.
所以这些问题你如果不解决 So if you don't solve these problems,
你能不能说太阳能就是一个百分之百的绿色能源 Can you say that solar energy is a hundred percent green energy?
就不能说了 We can't talk about it.
所以你一定还要做全面的分析 So you must do a comprehensive analysis.
然后来讲好 Then come and talk
河南现在我们中国的核能比例很小 In Henan, the proportion of nuclear energy in China is very small now.
我们恐怕还是要适度的来增长 I'm afraid we'll still have to grow moderately.
但是要注意安全问题 But pay attention to safety.
大家知道世界上核能用的最多的国家是哪个国家 It is known which country has the largest use of nuclear energy in the world.
法国法国的现在的核能占的全部能耗的比较 A comparison of the total energy consumption of nuclear energy in France.
这个比例已经到了60%多 This proportion has reached more than 60%.
70左右 About 70
所以它恐怕是不大可能全部都去掉 So I'm afraid it's not likely to be all gone
但是就在他隔壁德国怎么样 But next door to him how about Germany
德国已经明确了他们的战略方针 Germany has defined its strategic approach.
就是在现有的核能核电站使用周期到了以后 It is after the current cycle of nuclear power plants has arrived.
逐步淘汰核能 Phase out of nuclear energy
现在还在的还要用 It is still in use now.
但是只要生命周期到淘汰 But as long as the life cycle goes out
就再也不发展新的核能 Never develop new nuclear energy again
中国我跟好多能源方面专家谈 China: I'm talking to a lot of energy experts.
大概比较一致的意见 A more or less unanimous opinion
可能跟政府意见一样 Probably the same as the government
还要适度发展 We need to develop it moderately.
我们现在占的比例很小 We now make up a small proportion.
1%点几 What time is it 1%?
而且我们中国的安全问题做得很好 And we are doing a good job on security issues in China.
到现在没出过大事故 There have been no major accidents so far.
所以还是可以 So you can still
好 Well
这个我们就跳过去了 We jumped over this
然后我们讲一讲消费问题 Then we will talk about consumption.
消费领域的生态文明建设很重要 The construction of ecological civilization in the field of consumption is very important.
我们消费有下游效应 Our consumption has a downstream effect.
消费在生产的下游消费 Consumption in the lower reaches of production
这你节省一个单位 This saves you a unit.
消耗在上游就要节省几十倍几百倍 Consumption in the upper reaches of the need to save several times hundreds of times.
甚至于几千倍的资源的消耗 Even thousands of times the cost of resources.
另外消费还有个弹性效应 In addition, consumption has an elastic effect.
因为你我们说可以提高效率 Because of you, we say we can improve efficiency.
刚才我们举了好多例子 We have given many examples just now.
提高效率可以减少资源消耗 Increasing efficiency can reduce resource consumption.
但是架不住你消费数量的增加 But you can't stand the increase in your consumption.
大家看看我们中国的汽车行业是怎么个发展 Let's take a look at the development of our automobile industry in China.
汽车行业每年增加的汽车用量多不多 The automobile industry has increased its use of cars every year.
所以你汽车行业再改进生产 So your car industry is improving production
再减少油的消耗量 Further reduce the consumption of oil
减少尾气的排放量 Reduction of emissions
但是最后跟汽车总的排放量比的话是减少还是增加 But in the end, compared with the total car emissions, it is reduced or increased.
因为你汽车用量多 Because you use a lot of cars
还是要增加 Or increase
所以一定要像这个房子也是的 So be sure to be like this house, too.
你单位面积用多少 How much per unit area do you use?
你要房子面积住的越大的话 The bigger the house you want to live in
总的消耗量就 Total consumption
然后我们一定要来倡导文明节约绿色低碳和我们中国国情相适应的 Then we must promote civilization, conservation, green, low carbon and our national conditions in China.
绿色生活方式和消费模式 Green lifestyle and consumption pattern
刚才我就讲了 I said it just now.
中国人能不能像美国人一样过日子 Can Chinese people live like Americans?
绝对不行 Absolutely not
没有这么个本事 Have no such ability
这个地方是有一个外国人做的图 This place is a picture made by a foreigner.
就是说我们城市的交通 That is to say, the traffic in our city.
究竟什么样的模式 What exactly is the pattern?
衣食住行出行到底什么才是绿色的 What is green on earth?