第二个我想好我们要放在一个比较大的范围 The second one, I think, we'll put it in a larger range.
我来讲就是我们在一个比较大的地域当中 I would say that we are in a larger area.
我们要做什么 What are we going to do?
如何去把大的范围当中的这些要素能够整合到一起 How to integrate these elements into a wide range
成为一个整体来得到发展 To develop as a whole.
所以这就是区域规划 So this is regional planning
是吧 Right
所以这里面有很多概念 So there are a lot of concepts in this
大家还可以去找很多不同的人 You can also find a lot of different people.
不同的视角 Different perspectives
他对规划对这个区域规划提出的概念 His concept of planning for the region
任何找一本教科书 Anyone looking for a textbook
它都有很多种概念 It has many concepts.
我想这里不展开讲 I don't think we should start talking here.
我说我们通常大家会理解说 I said we usually understand
区域规划经过了这么长的时间 Regional planning has taken so long.
大概有一百多年时间 About a hundred years
经历了这样一个实验 Experienced such an experiment
它有几个不同的重点 It has several different points.
第一个重点解决城市的问题 The first focuses on solving the problem of cities.
第二个重点解决地区不发达的地区 The second priority is to address the underdeveloped areas of the region.
第三个重点我们讲要整体的而是而已 The third point is that we should focus on the whole, but only on the whole.
而也是现在大家关注的 And that's what we're looking at right now
就是要基于区域的发展 It is based on regional development.
区域的竞争力的提升为核心 The promotion of regional competitiveness as the core
那么在现在我们为什么要这样一个提议区域的竞争力的提升 So now why do we need such a proposal to enhance the competitiveness of the region?
这是由于我们这个地区在发展的过程当中面临的很多问题 This is because of the many problems facing our region in the process of development.
导致地域发展出现衰败 Leading to the decline of regional development
出现一些这个不是不如人所愿的 Some of this is not out of the way.
这里面当然包括了人口 This of course includes population.
资源环境 Resource environment
大家都在讲我们很多雾霾的问题 We are talking about a lot of haze problems.
环境有很多方面 There are many aspects of the environment.
雾霾的问题 The problem of haze
吃的这种有不干净的水或者是其他的这种有毒的东西 This kind of food has dirty water or other such poisonous things.
说未来在上一世纪90年代开始 The future began in the 1990s.
形成了一个基本的一个话题就是我们课的主题的内容叫sister A basic topic formed is the subject of our class, the content is called after.
博 Bo
step类推可持续的发展 Step analogy sustainable development
是吧 Right
那么这可持如何去可持续 So how can this be sustainable?
我们说我们让每年的的经济增长的速度在两位数以上 We say we let the economy grow at a double digit rate each year.
那么两位数以上你能不能支撑它 Then can you support it with more than two digits?
能不能我们现在只做自己的事儿 Can we just do our own thing now?
不去把子孙后代的钱都用完 Don't run out of money for future generations.
所以这个都是一个问题 So this is all a problem
是吧 Right
所以说好整个发展会考虑到它的内容 So the whole development will take into account its content.
物质环境经济发展要扩大到社会 Material environment and economic development should be extended to society
扩大生态 Expanding ecology
这个地域会有变化 There will be changes in this area.
以国家甚至更大的地域 To the country and even to the larger region.
更大的地域的发展 The development of a larger area
尽管要很大 Big as it is
但是有一个核心就是城市越来越重要 But one of the core is that cities are becoming more and more important.
我们讲进入到21世纪是一个城市的世纪 We say that entering the 21st century is the century of a city.
50%的人口都进入到城市来 50% of the population came into the city.
当然这里面城市包括了城镇城市化超过50% Of course, this includes cities and towns, urbanization more than 50%.
那么超过50%以后 Then after 50%
城市占主导 Urban dominance
城市的发展如何自身的发展 How to develop the city itself
又能够带动外部地区的发展 Can also promote the development of external regions.
所以这是一个 So this is a
当然我想我们现在考虑的第除了自身的发展以外 Of course, I think we are thinking about something other than our own development.
还要考虑到外部的更大的一个一个地域在这里面的作用 It also takes into account the external role of a larger region in this.
是吧 Right
所以想整个地域的发展就会出现这样一种现象 Therefore, the development of the entire region will be such a phenomenon.
以前城市干城市干是吧 It used to be a dry city, right?
苏锡常地区都有分工 There is a division of labor in the suxichang area.
就是水平分工 Is the horizontal division of labor
以产品跟产业来分工 Division of labor by product and industry
你生产什么他生产什么很清楚划分 What do you produce he produces what is clearly divided
那么现在以整个过程作为一个整体 So now take the whole process as a whole
这个过程当中每个环节可能会在不同的地方 Each link in the process may be in a different place.
生产电脑 Production computer
大家都在用电脑 Everyone is using a computer.
好 Well
这个电脑里面其实也许能发现 In fact, this computer may be found inside.
如果一台台式电脑更容易我们diy自己做 If a desktop computer is easier, we DIY do it.
拆开 Disassemble
把所有的电脑可以拆成一块块小的 All the computers can be broken down into small pieces.
包括的零配件 Included spare parts
主板里面所有东西有可能都不在一个地方生产 Everything in the motherboard may not be produced in one place.
最后一地方组装 Final assembly
那么整个过程就是看我们在每个生产的过程落到这个地域当中 Then the whole process is to see that we fall into this area in each production process.
我们地域拿到的这个环节 This link that we got in the area
它的等级它的附加值有多高 How high is its added value?
一台电脑最值钱的是什么 What is the most valuable of a computer?
最直接就插在主板上面的这些很小的一个东西 The most direct plug on the motherboard above these very small things.
芯片内存等等 Chip memory and so on
这卖好几百块钱 It sells for hundreds of dollars.
最不值钱的是什么 What is the least valuable?
打个电话800的一个电话送来给你送来一台品牌电脑 Make a phone call. A phone call from 800 will send you a brand computer.
最不值钱的是外面的包装盒以及包装盒里面的白色的塑料 The least valuable is the outer packing box and the white plastic inside.
但是这些都是电脑的生产的一个部分 But these are all part of the production of computers.
对吧 Right
所以你就看你拿到什么了 So you'll see what you get.
好 Well
大家就开始 Everybody starts
我们演绎一下就一个博弈的过程 Let's do a little bit of a game process
资本方和城市或者地区 A capital and a city or region.
我要拿到电脑最重要的比如说芯片生产 I want to get the most important computer, for example, chip production.
那么我就要想你作为老板 Then I want you to be the boss.
作为企业主 As a business owner
怎么样 How about
我满足你什么样的条件 What kind of conditions do I meet you?
你会到这里来 You'll be here
所以双方一种博弈的过程 So there's a game process on both sides
所以最后博弈的过程说 So in the end, game's process said
最后这是一位非常有名的一位 Finally, this is a very famous one.
现在有80多岁了 It's over 80 years old now.
现在在不列颠哥伦比亚的就加加拿大温哥华的Ubc Now in British Columbia plus BC in Vancouver, Canada
他就说那叫将非盟约翰弗里德曼 He said it was called au John Friedman
他就说全球化时代影响城市地位和作用的 He said that the era of globalization affects the status and role of cities.
这是两个因素 These are two factors.
一 One
你在参与的程度有多少 How much involvement are you in?
第二 Second
控制资本的能力 Ability to control capital
这就是大家知道为什么现在这个地方大家都要成为金融中心 That's why we all have to become financial centers in this place.
所以这个是那么这样一个过程 So this is such a process
我们用一个很简单的一个图来表示 We use a very simple graph to represent.
这样这是一个过程 This is a process.
苹果公司 Apple Inc.
然后他有一个可能地区总部 Then he has a possible regional headquarters.
然后下面有很多生产企业 And then there are a lot of production companies down there
生产经销 Production distribution
其他配套 Other matching
这是一种过程 This is a process.
这种过程体现了在全球化时代的一个很典型的这样一种模式 This process reflects a very typical pattern in the era of globalization.
但是如果说我们这样一个作为一个城市在这样一个地域 But if we are such a city in such a region.
他其实只解决了一部分生产的一部分功能 In fact, he only solved part of the production of part of the function.
他没有他没有跟外部的很多联系 He doesn't he doesn't have much contact with the outside world
那我们把它这个模式有没有可能去改一改是吧 Well, is it possible for us to change this pattern?
这改成说一个两个三个 This means one, two, three.
然后把这个地区总部跟下面的捆在一起 Then bundle the regional headquarters with the ones below
所以这些功能跟它的联系其实也是跟城市的联系 Therefore, these functions and its link is actually with the city.
所以城市的作用城市的地位就不一样 So the role of the city, the status of the city is different.
因为它发挥的作用不一样 Because it works differently
所以每个不同的城市不同的功能 So each different city has different functions.
好 Well
我们看看富士康 Let's look at Foxconn
大家知道以前富士康一直有很多负面新闻 You know, Foxconn used to have a lot of bad news.
跳楼第一跳第二跳十几跳蛋 Jump first jump second jump a dozen jump eggs
好 Well
他要搬地方搬到这是在河南的地域 He is moving to a place in Henan province.
所以在整个的过程当中 So in the whole process
看到下面蓝颜色的一大堆 See a lot of blue below
对吧 Right
是他的生产机构 It's his production organization.
但是它的总部它的服务的 But its headquarters, its services.
他不会把红颜色标的到处都是 He won't put the red sign everywhere.
只有某一个地方或者两个地方 Only one place or two
所以这就是城市发展对于地域的作用 Therefore, this is the role of urban development in the region.
我们讲这两之间的关联 We talk about the connection between the two.
嗯举举个例子 Well, for example.
我们要实现这样一种我们从区域规划角度的一个案例 We want to realize such a case from the perspective of regional planning.
要实现这样一些这种作用和这种联系 To achieve such a role and this connection.
我们要做些什么 What are we going to do?
这是在去上一世纪末开始做的美国的一个案例 This is a case of the United States that started at the end of the last century.
纽约大家知道 New York, as you know
但是纽约实际上整体的大的发展 But New York is actually a big development.
它包括了外围的 It includes the peripheral
包括新泽西康尼迪这三个州的地区的发展 Developments in the three States, including Connecticut, new Jersey
那么这个发展实际上我们不看它的过程 So this development, in fact, we do not look at the process.
我们只看现在的就在90年代以后地域要可持续发展 We only look at the present, in the 90's after the region to sustainable development.
它就要关注更多的这些 It has to pay more attention to these.
这种要素 This element
我们讲简单的 Let's make it simple
后来学术界把它总结了就很简单 Then the academic community summed it up, it is very simple.
就三个亿依靠的美 The beauty of three hundred million
AM一块推实际上是一个社会公平 Am a piece of push is actually a social fair.
平等就是经济社会环境这三个的一个整合 Equality is the integration of the three economic and social environment.
实际上它的核心生活质量 In fact, its core quality of life.
那么当然经济从经济上来讲 Then of course the economy is economically speaking
如何体现它的这种经济的高效经济的投入 How to reflect this kind of economical and efficient investment?
这是纽约在上世纪末他面临的危机 This is the crisis that New York faced at the end of the last century.
因为一方面危机来自于欧洲 Because on one hand, the crisis came from Europe.
另一方面危机来自于亚洲 On the other hand, the crisis came from Asia.
包括像中国对它的这种影响 Including the influence of China on it.
那么还有一方面就是我在经济发展的时候 Then there is another aspect when I am in the economic development.
如何去考虑环境的这些相关 How to consider these environmental concerns?
而不是到最后整先发展 Instead of going all out in the end
然后慢慢的污染污染 Then slowly pollution.
到最后去我去治理 At the end, I'll take care of it.
末端还是要倒过来 The end still has to be reversed
再从头上开始 Start over again
当然还有社会整个地域的发展结构在不断调整 Of course, the whole region of society's development structure is constantly adjusted.
功能改变了 Function changed
承载功能 Carrying function
这些支撑的条件也改变了 The conditions for these supports have also changed.
设施也改变了 The facilities have also changed.
就业岗位的类别改变了 The category of employment has changed.
以及就业的人也改变 And the people who get jobs change
但是人总是有一种追求这种向上的追求 But people always have a pursuit of this kind of upward pursuit.
我在纽约比在可能在其他地方有得到更多的机会 I have more opportunities in New York than in other places.
在上海比在江苏的某个地方 Somewhere in Shanghai than in Jiangsu.
苏中苏北可能有更多的机会 There may be more opportunities in central and northern Jiangsu.
所以我愿意到这里来 So I'd like to come here.
但这到这里来 But here it comes
也许他没有那么多么好那么好的这种能力 Perhaps he is not so good, so good this ability.
所以这个城市地区还是要发展 So this urban area still needs to develop.
要考虑到大家的平等不同的人 Take into account the equality of all people.
所以纽约在大的地区的规划的时候 So when New York was planning for the big area
他就做了五个方面 He did five things
第一个方面这是五个方面是要增加它的活力 The first aspect of this is the five aspects which are to increase its vitality.
要让它经济社会以及生态这三方面都能够发展 We should make it economic, social and ecological development in all three areas.
做可成为一个核心的 Doing can become a core.
第一方面就是我要环境 The first aspect is that I want the environment.
它通过绿地通过生态的这些用地 It passes through green spaces through these ecological sites.
而且把地域纳入到空间的规划当中去 And to integrate the region into the planning of space.
所以这是一个方面 So this is one aspect
当然有各种各样的类别保护的各种各样的用地 Of course, there are a variety of categories, protected by a variety of sites.
是吧 Right
这种里面有各种不同的层次 There are different levels of this kind.
湿地 Wetland
有绿地 Green space
有湿地 Wetland
有也包括有一些生产性的用地在他们也是归到生态用地里面去 There are also some productive uses in which they also belong to the ecological land.
所以这是一个 So this is a
所以这是整个在这里面大家可以看到一串 So this is the whole in here, you can see a string.
所以说这里面要保护的 So it's protected
所以在这里面都标出来一整串 So there's a whole string in it
这是一个前提 This is a premise.
首先这是一个必须要做的 First of all, this is a must.
然后大家做了以后 And then we did
因为有绿就有其他的建设对应的 Because there are green, there are other construction corresponding.
所以就会有一个对于集中地域发展的地域的发展模式的不同 Therefore, there will be a centralized regional development model of the different regions.
所以我们现在讲到很多可怕X的紧凑城市 So we're going to talk about a lot of terrible X compact cities
是吧 Right
很多都是原来的这种发展传统模式 Many are the original traditional mode of development.
就是北美的这种扩张的这种模式 This is the pattern of this expansion in north America.
那么现在叫紧凑的新型的发展模式 So now it's called the compact new model of development
这是其中的一部分绿地的发展在新泽西的一部分 This is part of the green development in new Jersey.
第二个就是它的中心要靠中心的带动 The second is that its center is driven by the center.
中心的带动 Central drive
有它的要看它的活力在哪里 It depends on its vitality.
对吧 Right
要承载这些 To carry these
所以从中心来讲 So from the center
同样的会有不同的层面 The same will have different layers.
有中央商务区 There's a central business district
有区域性的中心 Regional center
当然这些中心都会随着纽约整个地区的功能的改变 Of course, these centers will change with the function of the whole area of New York.
他会改变自己的一些功能 He will change some of his functions.
就像原来最早生产型工I中心制造中心 Just like the original first production I center manufacturing center
那么现在慢慢的就衰制造业慢慢就衰落下去 So now slowly the decline of the manufacturing industry slowly decline.
好你跟的快你转型我们讲转型转得快它就能生存 Well, you can change quickly.
转机转得不快 The turn of the turn is slow
那就叫糟糕 That would be terrible
就要遭殃了是吧 It's going to be a disaster, isn't it?
在美国有这样的例子 There are examples of this in the United States.
比如说前一段时间大家都听的 For example, some time ago, everyone listened to.
可能听到过底特律这个城市说是城市要破产 I may have heard that the city of Detroit is going bankrupt.
他就是因为底特律原来很厉害 He's just because Detroit used to be great.
这是一个汽车的中心是吧 This is the center of a car isn't it
但是它没有转型 But it doesn't change
它不及时 It's not in time
所以就会带来衰退 So there's a recession
所以中心好我们如何去提升中心的活力 So the center is good, how do we enhance the vitality of the center?
这是纽约的曼哈顿 This is Manhattan in New York.
当然这是曼哈顿的以前过去的曼哈顿 Of course this is Manhattan from the past Manhattan
现在这两个就看不见 Now these two are out of sight
我现在看到的是这是过程 What I see now is that this is the process.
现在已经两个911以后这两个就没了 Now there are two 911, and the two are gone.
好 Well
现在重新来做 Now do it again
这是当时的方案 This is the plan at that time.
这是建成的 This is built
现在的当然还正在建 Of course, it's still under construction.
就中间的包括有纪念性的旁边的这些一组这些建筑当然没那么高 Of course, the buildings are not that high.
但是已经开始在建起来 But it has begun to be built.
他要重新要成为这是一个中心 He wants to be a center again.
当然还赋予了另外一个功能 Of course, there is another function.
就是集聚集聚人心的这样一种功能 It is the function of gathering people together.
就911给美国带来有时候不一定是坏事 It is not always a bad thing to bring 9/11 to the United States.
反过来是吧 The other way right
另外一方面的作用 On the other hand
当然还有交通 Of course there's traffic
交通对他的这种影响交通提高交通的可达性 This effect of traffic on him increases the accessibility of traffic.
增加交通的这种不同的方式 This different way of increasing traffic
有很多 There are many
所以我们想我们可以看到很多 So we think we can see a lot
包括整个在美国的本世纪初 Including throughout the early 2000s in the United States.
在美国的一个最大的一个战略叫美国 One of the biggest strategies in the United States is called the United States.
美国2050 United States 2050
MLK2050的主要就是基础设施的欧洲也是这样 The same is true for Europe, which is mainly infrastructure in MLK 2050.
所以这是一个核心的 So this is a core
第四个 Fourth
劳动力我们又是一个经济的要素 Labor force, we are an economic factor.
同时也是一个社会要考虑到整个体系 At the same time, it is also a society that must take into account the whole system.
考虑到结构的调整 Taking into account structural adjustment
对劳动力的需求 Demand for labor
以及原有的这些人口劳动力它不适应的地方 And the original population, the labor force, it does not adapt to the place.
如何这个城市要能够让爱公平放在一个重要的位置 How this city should be able to make love fair in an important position.
我们现在也在讲 We're talking now
现在也在说新型城镇化就是一个公平的要考虑到民生 Now we are also saying that the new urbanization is a fair, taking into account the people's livelihood.
今年去年的政府工作报告里面提到了三个意义 Last year's government work report mentioned three meanings.
一这个意义的农民工就是农村务工人员 Migrant workers in this sense are rural workers.
在城市农村务工人员要转为市民化 Workers in urban and rural areas should be transformed into citizens
另外一一的在城市改造旧城危旧房的改造涉及到1亿人口 Another 11 in the urban transformation of the old city, the renovation of the old houses involved 100 million people.
第三个1亿1亿人口在中西部地区就近城镇化转移 The third 100 million people in the central and western regions of the transfer of the nearest urbanization.
所以这个是其实都是一个社会问题 So this is actually a social problem
最后一个治理各方面如何去把地更好的去协调 Finally, how to better coordinate the various aspects of governance?
这里面会有很多 There will be a lot of it.
比如说机构之间的关系 For example, the relationship between institutions.
空间要素的这些治理等等 Space elements of these governance and so on.
所以这里面的特点其实很早以前 So the characteristics of this are actually very early.
其实机构美国跟纽约跟新泽西的这样一个港务局 In fact, the agency, the United States, New York and new Jersey, such a port authority.
就是一个很好的一个空间治理 Is a very good space management.
政府治理以及空间治理的一个很好的一个案例 A good example of government governance and space governance
因为我们大家知道纽约跟新泽西有调息新阶级和以河为界 Because we all know that New York and new Jersey have a new class and a river border.
但是它的港务局和是它的中心 But its port authority and is its center.
因为港口码头要围绕着岸边来做 Because the harbor docks are built around the shore
所以它是中心 So it's the center
没有说我港航道的疏浚 Not to mention the dredging of our harbour route
我只管我这边 I only care about my side.
你管你这边没有是一个整体 Do you care whether you are a whole?
所以这已经是一个很好的一个 So this is already a good one
这是非常简单的说说我们要在区域层面要做些什么 This is a very simple talk about what we have to do at the regional level.
实际上是围绕前面讲城市发展了以后 In fact, after the development of the city.
对城市的作用的理解跟原来不一样 The understanding of the role of the city is not the same as before.
我做好自己就行了 I can just be myself.
现在不行不能独善其身 You can't do it alone now.
你要考虑的跟外部的地区作为一起来考虑 You have to think about it with the outside world.
所以区域规划就显得越来越重要 Therefore, regional planning is becoming more and more important.
那么在区域规划当中 So in regional planning
实际上我们讲城和乡的在区域当中一定有城有乡 In fact, we talk about cities and townships, there must be cities and villages in the region.
是吧 Right
所以这是一个整体 So this is a whole
我们就要考虑之间的这种关系 We have to consider this relationship between us.
所以这样一种关系 So this kind of relationship
实际上地域城乡的这样一种发展 In fact, such a kind of development between urban and rural areas.
但在整个规划体系当中有很多内容 But there is a lot of content in the whole planning system.
每个内容都会涉及到这样一个地域 Every content will involve such a region.
那么好我们讲整个地域当中 Well, let's talk about the whole area.
这个是一个最容易来体现 This is one of the easiest to embody.
把城市跟乡村作为一个整体来体现 Take the city and the countryside as a whole
城市总体规划体现城市和乡村 The overall urban planning reflects the city and the countryside.