我先自我介绍一下 Let me introduce myself first.
我是同济大学1956年的毕业生 I graduated from Tongji university in 1956.
我当时学的是给排水专业 I was majoring in water and drainage.
然后很长时间一直跟同济大学保持很密切的合作关系 Then for a long time, I kept a close relationship with Tongji university.
我热爱同事 I love my colleagues.
所以我今天能够回来来跟同期大学的学生们一起有一次交流 So I can come back today and have a conversation with the students at the same time.
我觉得非常高兴 I feel very happy.
但是没有想到的我出了洋相 But unexpectedly, I made a fool of myself.
这个考卷已经要扣掉好多分了 This exam paper has already deducted a lot of points.
我刚刚今天上午参加广州的一个会议 I just attended a meeting in Guangzhou this morning.
做了一个发言 Made a speech
然后我一个U盘有发言 Then I have a USB flash drive to speak
也有今天晚上的讲课 There is also a lecture this evening.
结果不知道怎么从广州到上海来的时候 I don't know how to get to Shanghai from Guangzhou.
在飞机上发现我兜里没有U盘 Found no USB flash drive in my pocket on the plane
然后书包里也找不着什么都找不着 Then I can't find anything in my bag.
然后要感谢干老师 Then thank Mr. gan.
还有几位年轻的老师刚才帮助我想出了办法 Several young teachers have just helped me figure out a way.
详细的过程不说了 The detailed process is gone
那么也要感谢赵老师来救急 Then thank miss Zhao for coming to the rescue.
本来吴校长安排赵老师来就其是怕飞机晚点 Originally, principal Wu arranged for Mr. Zhao to come because he was afraid that the plane would be late.
结果飞机很正点是我出了问题 As a result, the plane was on the right track and I had a problem.
所以在这里要想各位同学表示道歉 So I would like to apologize to all of you.
然后真是很抱歉出了一点问题 And then I'm really sorry that something went wrong.
然后现在今天我这个讲稿现在PPT是可以听得到吗 And now today I this speech is now PowerPoint can you hear it?
这开了没有 Is this open?
了 Have
还是这边的老师帮助我从网上找到了清华网 The teacher here helped me find the Internet.
从清华网找到了我的EMAIL地址 I found my mail address on the Internet
在医院里头找到过去曾经给人家发的讲课稿 Find in the hospital the text of the lecture that was sent to others in the past.
发的PPT然后题目跟今天的不太一样 The PowerPoint was sent and the topic was not the same as today's.
所以刚才在里边急来抱佛脚 So I just came in there to hold Buddha's feet
临时抱佛脚 Temporary cramming
做了一点点修改和补充 Made a few changes and additions.
那么讲的时候我觉得多的我可能就要跳过去 So when I say it, I think I may have to jump over it.
觉得不够的可能还要脱开讲稿讲一讲 If you don't think it's enough, you may want to take off your speech.
实在是非常抱歉出一个很大的事故 I'm terribly sorry about a big accident.
好 Well
我们现在就开始 We'll start now.
我想今天跟大家交流的就是城镇化与生态文明建设 I want to talk to you today about urbanization and ecological civilization.
这个事怎么没有没有哪一个 Why is there no one in this matter?
就拿这个好好坐着 Just sit down with this
不要 No
我今天想从三个方面讲 I would like to talk about it in three ways today.
第一个是讲改变发展模式的必要性和迫切性 The first is about the necessity and urgency of changing the mode of development.
第二个讲生态文明建设的由来和它的实质 Second, the origin of ecological civilization construction and its essence.
最后一个讲城镇化与生态文明建设 The last one is about urbanization and ecological civilization construction.
我们先看改变发展模式的必要性和迫切性 Let us first look at the necessity and urgency of changing the mode of development.
大家都知道工业革命改变了我们的世界 We all know that the industrial revolution has changed our world.
我们获得了很多 We got a lot
是吧 Right
创造了很多的新产品 Created a lot of new products.
科学技术极大地提高了 Science and technology have greatly improved.
所以人们的衣食住行彻底改变了 So people's clothing, food, shelter and transportation have changed completely.
现在我们原来只能走路 Now we can only walk.
后来我们能够坐汽车 Later we were able to take a bus.
然后坐飞机 And then fly
现在我们都可以坐飞船到太空去旅行 Now we can all travel to space by spaceship.
所以彻底的改变了应该说是进步了 Therefore, a radical change should be said to be progress.
但是我们也发现人类丧失了很多东西 But we also find that people have lost a lot of things.
人类受到了很多严重的威胁 There are many serious threats to mankind.
主要是三大问题 There are three main problems
一个是自然资源衰减的很快 One is the rapid decline in natural resources.
第二个就是环境污染越来越严重 The second is that environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious.
造成了人体健康受到损害 Cause damage to human health
造成了人类的前途和命运都受到威胁 The future and destiny of mankind are threatened.
最后还有一个生态环境变化了 Finally, there is a change in the ecological environment.
那么都最后这些结果 Then all these results are final.
资源环境生态的问题都威胁着我们人类的前途 The problems of resources, environment and ecology threaten our future.
地球的命运 The fate of the earth
我们这里列举了12项环境问题 We have listed 12 environmental problems here.
但是我要告诉大家的是 But what I want to tell you is
我们远远不止这12项 We are far more than these 12 items.
赵老师在这里随便想一想 Miss Zhao is here to think about it casually.
就可以多出几项来 You can add a few more items
那么12项是我们常见 Then 12 items are common to us.
而且也是比较严重 And it's more serious.
我们有一些身边都可以看到 We can see some of them around us.
比如水环境污染大气环境污染 For example, water pollution, air pollution.
土壤污染这些 Soil pollution
也有一些范围大一点的 There are also some larger ones
像自然资源短缺 Like the shortage of natural resources
耕地减少 Reduction of cultivated land
然后生物多样 And then there's biological diversity
森林锐减 Forest collapse
荒漠化等等 Desertification and so on
最后这里列了四大项全球性的环境问题 Finally, here are four major global environmental issues.
大家一定非常熟悉的就是生物多样性减少是不是 You must be very familiar with the fact that biodiversity is declining, isn't it?
还有气候变化 And climate change
还有臭氧层的损耗 And the depletion of the ozone layer
最后还有一个可能申诉一点 Finally, there is a possibility of a complaint.
不是学环境的 Not in the school environment
可能是持久性有机物的污染 Possible contamination of persistent organic matter
顾名思义 As the name suggests
这种有机物不像我们经常吃的蛋白质碳水化合物 This organic substance is unlike the protein carbohydrates we often eat.
纤维素不是像这种有机物天然有机物一样 Cellulose is not a natural organic substance like this.
它是持久性的 It's persistent
乐器越多越积越多 The more instruments, the more they accumulate.
最后会致癌 Eventually it causes cancer
致畸致突变 Teratogenic mutation
还会把人的羊性激素减少 It also reduces the amount of amniotic hormone in people.
雌性激素增加 Estrogen increase
大家一听这个人类还能繁衍后代吗 If you listen to this, can the human beings reproduce?
如果这个问题不解决的话 If this problem is not solved
所以那么多的环境问题 So many environmental problems
所以面对这么多的问题 So faced with so many problems
人类进行了非常严肃的思考 Human beings think very seriously.
我大体上归纳了一下人类思考的过程 I have generally summed up the process of human thinking.
有六件大事情值得我们都记住 There are six big things to remember.
这个六件大事情碰巧是三本书 The six big things happened to be three books.
三次会 Third meeting
第一件大事情就是美国有一位科学家叫雷切尔卡森 The first big thing is that there is a scientist named leiqieerkasen in the United States.
他是研究海洋生物学的 He studies marine biology.
但是他注意到了美国自从化学农药发明生产使用以后 But he noticed that the United States has been using chemical pesticides since their invention.
农村的春天发生了显著的变化 There has been a marked change in spring in the countryside.
他就写了一本书叫寂静的春天来揭露这个现象 He wrote a book called silent spring to reveal the phenomenon.
那么他这个名字很有文采 So his name is very literary
但是里边写的事实非常残酷 But the facts in it are very cruel.
大家看她说在人对环境的所有袭击中间 You see, she said, in the midst of all human attacks on the environment.
最令人震惊的是化学物质 The most shocking thing is the chemicals.
对于空气水和大海和土壤的这种污染 This pollution of air, water and the sea and soil.
然后他说为什么叫寂静的春天这个名字 Then he said, why is it called silent spring?
他说原来农村的春天充满了欢腾跳跃 He said that spring in the countryside was full of joy.
一片声浪 A sound wave
鸟敏的声浪你农民下田耕作 The sound of birds and birds, you farmers under the field farming.
小孩在田间玩耍 The child is playing in the field.
鸡鸭牛羊小鸟都在田间充满了欢腾跳跃 The chickens, ducks, cows, sheep and birds were all jumping in the fields.
但是自从化学农药使用以后 But since the use of chemical pesticides.
他说一个奇怪的寂静 He said a strange silence.
笼罩农村的田野 A field in the countryside
为什么会这样 Why is this happening?
就是因为有神秘莫测的疾病袭击的小鸟牛羊 It is because of the mysterious disease attacks the birds, cattle and sheep.
甚至于成人儿童 Even adult children
所以都变成安静了 So it's all quiet
很多人得病 A lot of people get sick
很多生物得病 Many biological diseases
甚至于死亡了 Even dead
所以他最后说到 So he ended up saying
他说我们长期以来行驶的道路容易被人误认为是一条可以高速前进的 He said that the road we have been driving for a long time is easy to be mistaken for one that can go at high speed.
平坦舒适的超级公路 ... a flat and comfortable super highway.
但是实际上这条路的终点潜伏的灾难 But in fact the end of the road lurks disaster.
而另外的道路则为我们提供了保护地球的唯一的机会 And the other way offers us the only chance to protect the earth.
大家看这段话已经提高到哲理上来分析了 You can see that this paragraph has been raised to a philosophical analysis.
是吧 Right
他是不是说要改变发展模式 Does he mean to change the mode of development?
这条路不行 This road is not good.
我们要走另外一条道路 We have to take another road.
这个就是跟我们现在讲的要改变发展模式是一致的 This is in line with what we are talking about to change the mode of development.
但是他有没有讲到底我们要改变成一个什么样的路 But did he say exactly what kind of road we are going to change into?
当时还没有说 Not yet
那个时候1962年还是很早 It was early in 1962.
在座的同学们都没出生是不是 None of the students present were born, were they?
然后这个书出来以后 And then when this book comes out
大家想在世界上特别在美国影响很大 You want to have a great influence in the world, especially in the United States.
是不是 Isn't it
有人赞成有人反对 Some people are in favor of it and others are against it.
大家估计一下赞成的人多 Let's estimate that there are many people in favour of it.
还是反对的人多 There are still many people who oppose it.
太对了 That's right
那么我们不去详细讲反对的人观点赞成的观点 Then we will not go into the details of those who oppose it and those who support it.
但是有两个赞成的 But there are two in favour
它的人起的作用的两件大事 Two big things about the role of its people
一个就是当时的美国总统就非常重视 One is that the then president of the United States took it very seriously.
白宫出了文件 The white house issued a document.
出了通知 Out of the notice
要加强对化学农药的管理和研究等等 We should strengthen the management and research of chemical pesticides and so on.
另外一个就是它唤醒了世界上很多人 Another is that it has awakened many people in the world.
有十个国家的30位科学家教育家经济学家实业家组成了一个罗马 There are 30 scientists, educators, economists and industrialists in ten countries that make up a Rome.
俱乐部 Club
罗马俱乐部就来探讨人类面临的环境问题 The club of Rome has come to explore the environmental problems facing mankind.
发展问题 Development problem
已经把这两个联系起来 The two have been linked.
30位科学家罗马俱乐部的成员经过四年的工作 Thirty scientists, members of the club of Rome, after four years of work.
他们发表了他们的研究报告 They published their study.
这本研究报告就是今天我们要讲的三本书的第二本 This research report is the second of the three books we are going to talk about today.
这本书叫增长的极限 This book is called the limit of growth.
大家一看这个标题 Let's take a look at the title.
是不是就可以猜到他的观点了 Can you guess his point of view?
他的观点就是说现在人类进步很大 His point is that mankind is making great progress now.
经济发展很快 The economy is growing fast.
但是同时面临四大问题 But at the same time facing four major problems.
第一是人口不断的增长 The first is the growing population.
第二是粮食已经感觉到短缺了 The second is that food is already in short supply.
第三 Third
资源消耗得很快 Resource consumption is fast
第四 Fourth
环境污染很严重 The environmental pollution is very serious.
他说如果你不采取措施 He said if you didn't take measures.
这四个因素一定会在某一段时间达到人地球的极限 These four factors will certainly reach the limit of man and earth at some time.
所谓极限 Limit
就是说经济到那个时候就不能够再增长 That is to say, the economy will not be able to grow again at that time.
所以他的结论就是我们经济增长一定要有极限 So his conclusion is that our economic growth must be limited.
要控制速度 Speed to be controlled
甚至于最好不要增长 Even better not to grow
那么大家设想一下 So imagine
他这个观点赞成的人多 There are many people in his opinion.
还是反对的人多 There are still many people who oppose it.
但是应该说唤醒了很多人 But it should be said that a lot of people wake up.
因为他我前面讲的四大问题大家都体会到了 Because of him, we all realized the four major problems I mentioned earlier.
确实四大问题存在 Indeed, there are four major problems.
所以开始有更多的人觉悟 So there are more people coming to realize
但是他说经济增长要限制 But he says economic growth should be limited.
大家想一想 Think about it
发达国家的人赞成不赞成 The people of the developed countries are in favour of not approving.
他们已经尝到发展的甜头了 They have tasted the sweetness of development.
你现在让他不要发展 You tell him not to develop now.
他们不占 They do not occupy
发展中国家人赞成不赞成 The developing countries are in favour of not
更不赞成了 More disapproving
因为看你们都过那么富裕生活 Because you all live so rich lives
我们还在穷困 We are still in poverty.
所以就也反对 Therefore, I oppose it.
但是我在这里插一句笑话 But here's a joke
避免大家 Avoid everyone
但是中国当时态度怎么样 But what was China's attitude at that time?
中国当时根本就不关心这个中国人在干什么 China didn't care what the Chinese were doing at all.
中国人在文化大革命在搞jj斗争 The Chinese were engaged in the JJ struggle during the cultural revolution.
是不是 Isn't it
所以这个叉叉了 So this fork is
中国根本就不关注这个事儿 China doesn't care about it at all.
我们当时还没有带环境保护的帽子 We didn't have an environmental protection hat.
我们还是在搞市政工程 We are still working on the municipal project.
所以外面发生什么事我们也不知道 So we don't know what's going on outside.
然后我这里总结了 And then I conclude here
我说这本罗马俱乐部的增长期限引起了强烈的反响 I said that the growth period of the Roma club has caused a strong reaction.
尖锐的论证 A sharp argument
虽然还是有两派观点 Although there are still two views.
而且是反对的多一些 And there are more objections
但是他还是为用域可持续发展的思想准备好的土壤 But he is prepared for the idea of sustainable development in the region.
因为这些问题摆在这 Because these problems are here
你不解决是不行 You can't solve it.
所以更多人要思考 So more people have to think
然后他有一个更大的影响 Then he had a bigger impact.
就是影响了联合国和影响了很多人 It has affected the United nations and many people.
这个是英国的一个非政府组织提出来的口号 This is a slogan put forward by a British non-governmental organization.
我觉得非常好 I feel very good
在这写了我就不详细解释了 If I write here, I will not explain it in detail.
他说人类是一个地只有一个地球 He said that man is a land, only one earth.
这个地球不是我们从上一代人手里继承下来 We didn't inherit the earth from the previous generation.
而是我们从下一代人手里借来的 But we borrowed it from the next generation
大家说这句话说的好不好听 Everyone said this sentence very well.
看起来有点不大通 It doesn't seem to make much sense
但是充满了感情 But full of emotion
充满了哲理 Full of philosophy
是不是 Isn't it
我们现在还要用这个观点 We are going to use this point of view now.
我们不能把地球作为是我们的私有财产 We can't take the earth as our private property.
就是我们的祖先继承送给我们的遗产 Is the legacy that our ancestors inherited from us
不是不能这样想 It is not impossible to think so.
我们不能随便糟蹋 We can't just spoil it.
我们要把它看作是下一代人借给我们 We should regard it as a loan from the next generation.
我们为了下一代人一定要保护好它 We must protect it for the next generation.
那么起了一个更大的作用就是影响了联合国 So a bigger role is to influence the United nations.
当时有一位联合国的副秘书长一直紧跟着罗马俱乐部跟他们一起工作 At that time, a United nations deputy secretary-general had been working closely with the club of Rome.
所以他那本书一发表 So as soon as his book was published
联合国就开了一个第一次叫人类环境大会 The United nations held its first conference on the human environment.
那是有史以来联合国第一次在联合国的讲坛上来讨论环境问题 It was the first time in history that the United nations had come to the forum of the United nations to discuss environmental issues.
那么刚才我说中国不关心这个事 Then just now I said that China does not care about this matter.
但是要告诉大家 But let us know
中国有人关心 Some people in China are concerned.
当时我们的总理是谁 Who was our prime minister then?
我们的总理是周恩来 Our premier is Zhou Enlai.
周总理派了一个代表团去参加大会 Premier Zhou sent a delegation to attend the meeting.
到现在我还认识两位健在的当时的代表团成员 To this day, I know two members of the delegation who were still alive.
赵老师肯定知道 Miss Zhao must know
一个是曲格平 One is Qu Geping.
就是我们中国得第一届的第一任的环境保护局的局长 Is the first director of the environmental protection agency in China.
还有一位是叫江小科 Another is Jiang Xiaoke.
知道吧 You know what?
是曾经做过北京市环保局的局长 Was once the director of the Beijing municipal environmental protection Bureau.
当然都是高龄了 Of course it's old
但是现在还健在 But still alive
所以这个还是不错 So this is still good
那么联合国人类环境大会开的非常好 Then the United nations conference on the human environment was very good.
去公布了一个人类环境宣言 To publish a declaration on the human environment
大家看他的呼吁 Look at his appeal.
他说已经到了这样的历史时刻 He said it was such a historic moment.
在决定世界各地的行动时 In deciding actions around the world
必须更加审慎的考虑他们对环境产生的后果 Their environmental consequences must be considered more carefully.
我又要听听大家的意见 I want to hear your opinion again.
大家说这段话过时不过时 We say this paragraph is out of date.
一点都不过去 Not at all
到今天了2015年了 It's 2015 today.
我们能不能保证每个人不管他是做什么事 Can we make sure that everyone doesn't care what he does?
他在行动的时候都很审慎的考虑它的行动 He thinks carefully about his actions when he acts.
对环境产生的后果 Environmental consequences
能不能保证 Is there any guarantee
我看差得远 I think it's a long way off
不管是做官的 Be an official
做企业家的 Entrepreneurial
还有一个普通的消费者 There is also an ordinary consumer.
对不起 I'm sorry
然后我们看到人类环境宣言还有很多话 And then we see the declaration of the human environment and there's a lot more to say
你看这中间那句话 Look at the middle sentence.
我们来看一下 Let's have a look.
保护和改善环境关系到人民的福利和经济发展 Protecting and improving the environment is related to the welfare and economic development of the people.
已经把这个环境跟经济联系了 The environment has been linked to the economy.
关系到这个是人民的迫切愿望 It is the people's urgent wish that matters.
是各国政府的责任 It is the responsibility of governments.
所以这个会应该说是非常成功的 So this meeting is very successful.
然后还有一些话我们不一个念了 Then there are a few words we do not read.
那么这个写的很多 So this is a lot to write about
然后这个会联合国大会还起了一个非常重要的作用 Then the United nations general assembly also played a very important role.
他在大会上决定要成立一个世界环境与资源委员会 At the meeting, he decided to set up a world committee on environment and resources.
委员会它交给委员会的任务就是要来继续做罗马俱乐部没有完成的 The committee, it entrusted the committee with the task of continuing to do what the Roma club did not complete.
工作 Work
因为罗马俱乐部的结论引起大家的争论 The conclusions of the Roma club were controversial.
所以他说你们还要研究究竟我们怎么样来面对这个环境 So he said that you have to study how we can face up to this environment.
采取什么对策 What measures should be taken
怎么有效的解决环境问题的途径 How to effectively solve environmental problems
这个委员会不负众望 The committee met all expectations.
四年以后1987年就发表了它们的研究报告 Four years later, their study was published in 1987.
这个研究报告叫我们共同的未来 The study calls for our common future.
他分析了我们面临的共同的问题 He analysed the common problems we faced.
我们要应付的应对的共同的挑战 The common challenges we have to meet.
我们要进行的共同的努力 The joint efforts we have to make
那么我们共同的未来的主要结论就是三条 Then the main conclusion of our common future is three.
第一条就是说环境危机 The first is environmental crisis.
能源危机和发展危机不能分隔 Energy crisis and development crisis cannot be separated
发展经济发展不对头 Developing the economy is not right
发展的模式不对 The pattern of development is not right.
造成环境危机和能源危机 Creating environmental and energy crises
而环境危机和能源危机一旦发生 And the environmental crisis and the energy crisis once occurred.
一定会影响经济发展 Will certainly affect economic development.
第二条 Article 2
他说这地球的资源和能源远远不能满足人类发展的需要 He said the earth's resources and energy are far from meeting the needs of human development.
这个观点跟罗马俱乐部的增长的极限是呼应的 This view is in line with the limits of club Rome's growth.
是不是 Isn't it
但是第三个观点不同了 But the third view is different.
他说我们必须为当代人和下代人的利益改变发展模式 He said that we must change the mode of development for the benefit of present and future generations.
那么他对于改变成一个什么样的发展模式已经有了描写 So he has described what kind of development model he has changed into.
他说我们需要有一条新的发展道路 He said that we need to have a new way of development.
这条道路不是仅能够在若干年内 The road is not only within a few years.
在若干地方支持人类进步的道路 Supporting the path of human progress in several places
应该是一条一直到遥远的未来 It should be a long way to the distant future.
都能够支持全球人类进步的道路 Can support the path of global human progress
这句话虽然长一点 Although this sentence is a little longer
但是观点非常清楚 But the point is clear
就是说我们需要的发展的道路不是一个短期行为 That is to say, the road to development we need is not a short-term behavior.
是不是不能够短期内显得好 Can't it look good in the short term?
若干年 Several years
而是要一直到永远 But always
另外一个就不能是局部地方的发展 The other cannot be the development of local areas.
而应该是全球人类的发展 But it should be global human development.
那么这条道路它给起了个名字 So this road it gave a name
他就叫可持续发展 He's called sustainable development
刚才非常高兴听到赵老师的建议 I was very glad to hear Mr. Zhao's suggestion just now.
同济大学要建设可持续发展大学 Tongji university to build sustainable development university
我举双手赞成 I put my hands up for it
非常好 Very good
那么可持续发展名词世界环境和资源委员会创造的 Then sustainable development terms created by the world commission on environment and resources
我曾经做过傻事 I did something stupid once
我去查那些老的英文字典 I'll look up those old English dictionaries.
老的中文字典 Old Chinese dictionary
13个不得A梦在1987年以前英文字典上是没有 The 13 no a dreams were not found in the English dictionary before 1987.
英文很多可什么的 There are many things in English.
是吧 Right
只要用able做后缀都是翻译成可什么的 As long as the suffix used can be translated into what?
但是过去没有人提过可持续发展 But no one has mentioned sustainable development in the past.
所以完全是他的创造 So it was all his creation
那么中文的翻译当然也是新的 Of course, the translation of Chinese is also new.
中文字典更肯定没有 The Chinese dictionary is certainly not available.
所以我认为这个贡献非常大 So I think this contribution is very big
它是人类对于环境和发展问题的认识的一个重大的飞跃 It is a great leap in the understanding of environment and development.