高效 High efficiency
我们今天能够把谢院士到我们这堂课介绍一下 We can introduce academician Xie to our class today.
也是我们很多同学不知道 Many of our classmates don't know.
但是我们在座的有好多土木学院的同事他们知道我们学院是现在是 But we have a lot of civil engineering colleagues here who know that our college is now.
中国国家的地震局力学研究所的名义所长 Director of the Institute of mechanics of the national seismological Bureau of China
是杭大的教授博导 It is professor Bodao of Hangzhou university.
是中国地震工程联合会的会长 He is the president of China earthquake engineering Federation.
先后被听到同志折到非常多的学校实际说话 Have been heard comrades fold to a lot of schools to actually speak.
因为课程教授研究教师 Because the course professor studies the teacher.
兼职教师 Part-time teacher
同时也是对我们同济大学北北工大 At the same time, it is also to our Tongji university, the north university of technology.
广州大学清华大学天津大学 University of Guangzhou, Tsinghua university, Tianjin university
是说国家重点实验室学术委员会的名誉主任和主席的人 One who is the honorary director and chairman of the academic committee of the state key laboratory.
其中在我们同济大学 Among them is our Tongji university.
我们的国家重点实验室 Our national key laboratory
做了20年的我们的学生回来 After 20 years of being our student back.
所以说我们同步的学院的同学们知道 So our students at the same college know
但是其他的学院的同学机会一直没有机会 But other college students have never had a chance.
天 Day
谢谢这个课 Thank you for this lesson.
那么在94年 So in '94
实际上是中国工程院的第一批的建院的院士 Actually the first academicians of the Chinese Academy of engineering
那么从06年到14年 So from '06 to' 14
一直是中国工程院的组织团队组成 Has been the Chinese Academy of engineering organization team.
那么在早很在80年代的时候 So back in the '80s
1987年开始是被我们联合国的两论秘书长聘为国际联合国国际 It began in 1987 as an international United nations international by the Secretary-General of the United nations.
特色专家组 Special expert group
就是一般的专家组都是各个部门的 That is, the general group of experts are all departments.
这是联合国秘书长直接的特色的历史特色专家组的成员 This is the United nations Secretary-General's direct feature of the group of experts on historical characteristics.
也是很骄傲 Also very proud
是我们中国的骄傲 Is the pride of our China.
一位我们的专家在联合国的顶级的特色专家组合里面的成员 A member of one of our experts in the un's top panel of experts on characteristics.
联合国科技委的委员 Members of the United nations CST
此外还被当选为国际地震工程协会的副主席 He was also elected vice president of the international earthquake engineering association.
国际强地震学会的主席阿成在1987年到01年被国际地震学组织 The chairman of the international strong earthquake society, chin, was organized by the international seismological organization from 1987 to 2001.
十评选 Ten selection
围绕我们国际地震学和地球内部物理学会的执行主席 Executive chairman of the international society for seismology and geophysics
这个位置非常重要 This position is very important.
可能对很多的同学很清楚 Maybe it's clear to a lot of students.
这是一百多年来组织成立以来第一位 This is the first organization in more than a hundred years.
也是迄今为止唯一一位有工程人员出席了这么一个工程的科学家来做 So far, it is the only one that has an engineer present to do such a project.
这么一个重要的岗位 Such an important post
现在是在主要的领域就是地震工程和安全工程 Now it is in the main areas of earthquake engineering and safety engineering.
地震防城市防灾防抗震能力的评估这块工作 Evaluation of earthquake prevention and anti-earthquake ability in cities
那么发表的国内外的任务400多篇 Well, more than 400 articles have been published at home and abroad.
实际上对我来说就是2008年汶川地震以后第二天我就下去 In fact, for me, it is the second day after the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008.
因为出于我们城市规划的职业反应来小区 Because of our urban planning professional response to the district.
也是因为同济大学 Also because of Tongji university
大家知道在最困难的时候 We all know that at the most difficult time
是四川人把我们接待下来 It was the English who received us.
通过了整个的长城以后市场有极大下来 After passing the whole great wall, the market has come down greatly.
所以我在四川工作的那段时间 So the time I worked in Sichuan
阿最最要想读书的时候 A most wanted to read
特别想找那些资料的时候 Especially when looking for that information
看到了谢院士的多篇文章 Have read many articles of academician Xie
实际上对我们是特别管事的 In fact, it is of special concern to us.
特别有用实际上现在是他提出了一系列的工程上的很重要的概念 In fact, it is now he has put forward a series of engineering very important concepts.
实际上对我们中国的乃至于世界上的抗震救灾这块 In fact, for us, China and the world's earthquake relief this piece.
虽然是起了非常重要的一个电器的状态 Although it is a very important state of an electrical appliance.
是创新的概念的理念 Is the concept of innovation.
非常重要的保修 Very important warranty
今天这个课题实际上是在我们所有做城市规划所有做城镇化的人中间 Today, this topic is actually in all of us do urban planning, all people do urbanization.
必须要谈的 What must be discussed
今天似乎没有人不谈这么一个重要的问题 There seems to be no one who doesn't talk about such an important issue today.
所以说今天特别重要的 So today is especially important
我们心愿是把可康复的 Our wish is to recover.
这个人认识这个字代表什么 What does this person know about the word?
假如没有学这个东西 If you didn't learn this
我就觉得我们这堂课是缺了一大块 I think we are missing a big piece of this class.
我们讲的都是过去的这一块 We are talking about the past.
就是把我们领到今天在国际动态城镇化研究城市研究中间城市规划 Is to lead us to today in the international dynamic urbanization research, urban research, urban planning.
研究中间 Research center
最前卫的八年 The latest eight years
所以说特别高兴 So very happy
我不多花时间把这个时间留给我们学院 I don't spend much time leaving this time to our college.
是先是能够来 Is to be able to come first
是我们大家的非常大的一个荣幸 It is a great honor for all of us.
因为实在是确实有其他的特别多 Because there are really many others
说大家知道光学校就是见了那么多学校的教授 We all know that light school is to meet so many school professors.
就是国际上以及国内有那么多的岗位都在等待 That is, there are so many jobs waiting at home and abroad.
甚至是海航中间非常重要的时间能够请到我们的大课堂上来 Even the very important time between HNA can be invited to our big class.
我们以热烈的掌声欢迎薛院士的报告 We welcomed the report of academician Xue with warm applause.
好 Well
首先要感谢吴校长把我介绍给大家 First of all, I would like to thank president Wu for introducing me to you.
也要感谢吴校长 I also want to thank president Wu.
邀请我来参加这么一个很重要的通识课程的讲解 I was invited to attend such an important general course.
非常感谢 Thank you very much
要感谢在座的各位同学 I want to thank all of you.
各位老师 Teachers
你们在一天忙得这么忙碌的情况下 You are so busy in a day.
还跑来听我们的课程来捧场 And come and listen to our lessons
非常感谢 Thank you very much
今天我跟大家要讲的内容叫土木工程灾害及建设可康复的成真防灾 What I want to talk to you about today is civil engineering disaster and the construction of a recoverable disaster prevention.
体系 System
土木工程灾害这几个名词你们网上不太好找 Civil engineering disaster these terms you are not easy to find on the Internet.
可能找不着 May not be found
因为这是我们的创造 Because this is our creation
我们提出来 Let's bring it up
提的对不对 Is it right?
请同学们老师们多提批评意见 Please ask the students and teachers to give more criticism.
我们儿童工作站是个非常重要的灾害 Our children's workstation is a very important disaster.
到目前为止还没有被大家所发现和更好 So far, we have not been found and better.
所以我们刚才有必要要反复的强调这么个灾害对我们重要性 Therefore, it is necessary for us to stress repeatedly the importance of such a disaster to us.
那么英文名字叫siri1.02 So the English name is siri1.02
第三者总共是关键 The third party is the key.
我要请大家注意这么几个字 I would like to draw your attention to these words.
这个叫人认成 This is recognized as
他的名字叫出来再认识 His name is called out and we will meet again.
比如0cs Like 0cs
摩尔投资人要建立一个非常能更好地康复的这么一个一个城镇 Moore's investors want to build a town that's very much better off.
那么我这个讲座的目的有这么三条 So there are three purposes of my lecture.
第二条西方极是城镇化建设当中非常容易养成的 Article 2 the west is very easy to develop in the course of urbanization.
现在城镇化是我们国家一个重要任务 Now urbanization is an important task in our country.
非常容易养成那种与人类关系最密切 It is very easy to develop the kind that is most closely related to human beings.
目前还没有被人人认识的 It is not known to everyone yet.
而且直接影响人类安全的色彩 And the color that directly affects human security
叫土木的灾害 A disaster called civil engineering
有没有那么严重 Is it that serious?
还是我忽悠大家 Or do I fool you?
咱们看下面 Let's look below.
第二个想说明信访指出有相当恶劣自然灾害 The second point I would like to make is that the letters and visits indicate that there are quite severe natural disasters.
其实不是自然造成的 In fact, it was not caused by nature.
而是由于我们土木工程原因造成的 But because of our civil engineering
大家误解到 Everybody misunderstood
认清它们的实质 Recognize their essence
可以有效减轻自然灾害 Can effectively reduce natural disasters.
比如说我们国家经常发生的全世界经常发生的一个地震灾害 For example, our country often occurred in the world, a frequent earthquake disaster.
非常严重 Very serious
快造成几十万人死亡 Are killing hundreds of thousands of people
过去大家认为是自然造成的 In the past, it was thought that it was caused by nature.
地震造成 Earthquake
所以花了很大力气去搞地震预报 So it took a lot of effort to do earthquake prediction.
去搞什么 What the hell
最后效果甚微 In the end, there was little effect.
我们发现这种所谓的地震灾害 We found this so-called earthquake disaster.
还有风灾害 And wind disasters
还有其他尼西洪 There are other nishihon
他不是由于自然造成 He was not caused by nature.
而是恰恰是由我们土木工程原因造成 It is precisely because of our civil engineering.
总部工作什么原因上面我们会讲 What are the reasons for the headquarters work?
大家知道绝对不是自然造成 As we all know, it is absolutely not natural.
所以你认清它的实质 So you know what it is
就可以有效地减轻自然灾害 Can effectively reduce natural disasters.
包括地震灾害 Including earthquake disasters
最后我们要通过这讲座强调一下 Finally, we have to stress through this lecture.
要减轻和防御土木工程灾害的最终目标什么 What is the ultimate goal of mitigating and defending civil engineering disasters?
怎么能够防御 How can we defend ourselves?
就要建立一个具有治康复功能的城镇防御体系 It is necessary to establish a town defense system with the function of treating and recovering.
你把这个体系建立起来了 You set up the system
我的所有的灾害都不怕 I am not afraid of all the disasters.
那么我需要讲清楚 Then I need to be clear
这也是实现可持续发展最理性和最改的措施 This is also the most rational and reform measure to achieve sustainable development.
大家知道 Everybody knows
大家现在我们都在搞叫可持续发展 We are all talking about sustainable development now.
我们的讲座也是以可持续发展作为一个核心内容 Our lectures also focus on sustainable development.
这到底什么叫可持续发展 What is sustainable development?
怎么能做到可操作 How can you do it?
一个是忠诚问题 One is loyalty.
一直没有把这问题解决好 The problem has never been solved.
那么我想今天通过蒋志康做社会 So I want to do society through Jiang Zhikang today.
能够跟大家讲清楚 Be able to make it clear to you
这是实现可持续发展最有利的措施 This is the best way to achieve sustainable development.
其实完全可操作的措施 In fact, completely operational measures.
操作是不是一个简单概念 Is operation a simple concept?
可持续发展 Sustainable development
而且是有定量指标 And there are quantitative indicators
完全可实现可操作 Fully operable
那么主要内容有这么三条 So there are three main elements
第一个要讲讲土木工程灾害定义 The first is the definition of civil engineering disaster.
成因特点和范畴 Origin, characteristics and category
第二 Second
讲一讲减轻和防御土木工程灾害的最终目标是减建设具有智康复能力 The ultimate goal of mitigating and defending civil engineering disasters is to reduce and build an intelligent rehabilitation capacity.
的城镇 The town
第三个要讲一讲怎么建设是康复防治体系 Third, we should talk about how to build a rehabilitation and prevention system.
怎么建设 How to build
就不能光讲到什么建设 We can't just talk about construction.
要讲到大家感到可操作为止 Let's talk about it until you feel it's operational.
下面我们讲第一个问题 Let's talk about the first question.
重复碰到灾害的定义 Definition of repeated exposure to disasters
成因特调范畴 Intergrated category
什么叫自然灾害 What is natural disaster?
这个名词我们天天听到 We hear this term every day.
电视里讲广播里讲 On TV, on the radio.
报纸上讲我们自己的上升我也讲 The newspaper says about our own rise, and so do I.
但是我请大家 But I invite you
你跟我讲到底什么角色 What role are you telling me?
哪位同学举手说我能把菜来讲清楚 Which student raised his hand and said that I could explain the dishes clearly.
我们天天讲叫吃饭时候你吃饭了没有 Did you eat when we called for dinner every day?
我没吃饭 I didn't eat
灾害我们天天讲到 We talk about disasters every day.
到底什么叫灾害 What exactly is disaster?
咱能讲清楚 We can make it clear
听说 Hear
你讲完了是吧 You're finished, aren't you?
好好 Well
请坐 Sit down please
灾害这个定义到现在大概有二三百个 So far, there are about two or three hundred definitions of disaster.
但是没有一个灾害定义能被大家接受 But no definition of disaster can be accepted.
就像刚才那位女同学说 As the girl said just now
他也做了个定义 He also made a definition.
原来如果是205个 So if it were 205
你是251个 You are 251
那么到底什么叫灾害 So what is disaster?
我也试图做个定义 I'm trying to make a definition, too.
看一看灾害定义 Take a look at the definition of disaster.
大家能不能接受 Can we accept it?
我们接受 We accept
完了把这样讲清楚 After that, make it clear.
我先把这还可能几个要素讲讲清楚 Let me explain a few more elements.
第一个要素灾害一般是指意外的突发事件意外突发 The first factor disaster generally refers to the unexpected sudden event.
如果早就知道我可以采取预防措施 If I had known earlier, I could have taken precautions.
早就可以不让它发生 You could have kept it from happening
是吧 Right
所以一般是意外的突发的事件 So it's usually an accident.
第二12个是结果不是原因 The second 12 is the result, not the reason.
是不是灾害不能看它原因 Is it a disaster that cannot be seen as its cause?
不能说发生是地震就造成了灾害了 It can't be said that the earthquake caused the disaster.
灾害来了 The disaster is coming
不能这么说 You can't say that
看到地震到底有没有造成灾害的后果 See whether the earthquake has the consequences of the disaster.
那么下面我们看看这是个地球 So let's take a look at this earth
2亿4000万年前一个演变到现在的地球2亿4000万年 240 million years ago, the earth has evolved to the present 240 million years.
然后用十秒钟把它放出来 And let it out in ten seconds
或者大家看地球本来的整体 Or you can look at the earth as a whole.
后来慢慢的就变成很多板块 Then it slowly became a lot of plates.
印度洋板块也常到我们的常常到我们的西部 The Indian ocean plate also frequents our western regions.
西南角进去 Southwest corner entry
就形成了我们的喜马拉雅山和康山高原 And it formed our Himalayas and the kangshan plateau
就这么形成的 That's how it's formed
一个地球在波动 One earth is fluctuating
震动是这里的地壳不慎发生强烈的振动 The shock is the inadvertent strong vibration of the earth's crust here.
就造成强烈的地震 Cause a strong earthquake
是不是 Isn't it
但是我们认识我们人类在地球上历史最老没法再老了 But we know that we are the oldest people on earth, and we can't get old anymore.
也就是200万年历史 That is, two million years of history.
换句话说什么意思呢 In other words, what does it mean?
我地震在2亿多年以前就有了 I had an earthquake more than 200 million years ago.
它能不能造成灾害 Can it cause disaster?
不能造成灾害 Do not cause disaster
为什么没有后果 Why is there no consequence?
所以说我看地震是不是再要看有没有造成灾害的后果 Therefore, I think the earthquake is not to see whether there are any consequences of the disaster.
不能说是地震就是灾害 It can't be said that an earthquake is a disaster.
是吧 Right
我想说明这个问题就不是in不要看 I want to make it clear that this problem is not in don't look at it.
因而必须看果有后果来判断是不是这样 It is therefore necessary to see whether the results have consequences or not.
第三 Third
灾害的主要属性是损失一定有损失 The main attribute of a disaster is that there must be a loss.
没有损失不能造障碍 No loss, no obstacle
如果我还赚一点得到这种收获 If I earn a little more, I get this kind of harvest.
那绝对不能叫灾害 That must not be called disaster.
是吧 Right
这样大家都愿意都碰到你伤害 In this way, everyone would like to meet you hurt.
是不是 Isn't it
那么什么样的损失 So what kind of loss?
刚才同学们说了 The students said just now.
财产生命财产损失的 Loss of life or property.
它不光生命财产 It's not just life and property
还有什么生命财产资源 What other life and property resources?
还包括我们生态环境的损失 It also includes the loss of our ecological environment.
就是四大类的损失 Is the four major categories of losses
才是属于灾害的范畴 Is the category of disaster
但是光有生命财产资源 But only life and property
生态环境损率 Ecological environmental damage rate
未必做出灾害 Not necessarily make a disaster
比如我们每年可能交通事故都要十几个人 For example, we may have more than ten people in traffic accidents every year.
您能说我们发生灾害了 You can say that we have a disaster.
发生大灾害了 There was a great disaster.
大概不会说是在是吧 Probably not, is it?
所以还有一个条件 So there's a condition
什么条件一定是超过了承载体的承受能力 What conditions must be beyond the carrying capacity of the carrier.
假如我们交通事故死了两个人 If we had two people killed in a traffic accident.
这两都是在一个家庭里的 Both are in the same family.
对家庭来说就是个单 It's a single for the family.
对社会来说 For society
他不是在社会能承受得起 He can't afford it in society.
死两三人不算那么了不起的灾害 Death of two or three people is not such a great disaster.
是不是 Isn't it
所以还有一个条件就超过了承载体的承受能力 Therefore, there is a condition beyond the carrying capacity of the carrier.
所以这么站着这么几个特点 So there are a few features standing like this
我们把它组合起来 We put it together
我们就到三河来定义了 We will come to the three rivers to define.
什么 What
定义 Definition
就是叫做导致人类生命财产资源生态环境损失损失 It is called causing loss of human life, property, resources and ecological environment.
并且抄一个存在体承受能力 And copy an existential capacity
这种突发事件叫灾害 This kind of emergency is called disaster.
那么这个定义大家看看完不完善 So let's see if this definition is perfect.
清不清晰 Unclear
还有没有什么毛病 Is there anything wrong with it?
希望大家找毛病 I hope you can find something wrong.
那么什么叫土木工程灾害 So what is civil engineering disaster?
很简单了 Very simple
就是由于土木工程原因导致的人员的灾害事件 Is a disaster for people caused by civil engineering.
在政府工程灾害 Disaster in government engineering
什么叫土木工程 What is civil engineering?
原因 Cause
我们一村在那扒下去 Our village is digging down there.
什么叫土木工程 What is civil engineering?
原因 Cause
我们下面再讲 Let's talk about it later.
土木工程给人类带来的无限文明 The infinite civilization that civil engineering brings to mankind
同时也给人类带来了无限的灾难 At the same time, it has brought infinite disaster to mankind.
这在就是土木上 This is in civil engineering
我们土木工程是非常伟大的公司 Our civil engineering is a very great company.
所有工程里面最伟大的 The greatest of all projects
比航天航空什么要伟大多 Much greater than space flight
为什么 Why
因为为了土木工程给我们人类带来的文明是文明的载体 Because for civil engineering to bring us human civilization is the carrier of civilization.
你们信不信 Do you believe it or not?
从过后给人类带来了无限的文明 Since then, it has brought infinite civilization to mankind.