我们国家也做了不少工作 Our country has done a lot of work.
每年人大会都要谈可持续发展 Every year, the NPC will talk about sustainable development.
但是居然联合国大会说目标没有实现 But the United nations general assembly said the goal had not been achieved.
当时觉得很失望 I felt very disappointed at that time.
像一盆冷水浇在头上 Pour cold water on your head
但是我们只是学了他的政治报告 But we just learned his political report.
就被他说服了 He convinced me
他说现在地球仍然伤痕累累 He said the earth is still scarred.
世界仍然冲突不断 The world is still in conflict.
地球伤痕累累指的就是环境问题 The planet is scarred by environmental problems.
水污染大气污染 Water pollution and air pollution
森林破坏 Forest destruction
耕地减少 Reduction of cultivated land
然后地球气候变化 Then the earth's climate changes.
地球变暖 Global warming
然后海平面上升等等 And then sea level rise and so on
然后世界仍然冲突不断 Then the world is still in conflict.
就讲的是世界上很多冲突 It's about a lot of conflicts in the world.
很多恐怖主义 A lot of terrorism
然后霸权主义了 And then hegemonism
跨国犯罪了等等 Transnational crime, etc.
大家来考虑一下 Let's think about it
它2002年报告里写的这两段 These two paragraphs of its 2002 report
到我们今天2015年还存在不存在 By 2015, there will be no existence.
还存在 Still exist
不得不承认 Have to admit
所以我们可持续发展战略已经实施好了没有 So have we implemented our sustainable development strategy?
这个两条都不符合可持续发展 Neither of these is consistent with sustainable development.
是不是 Isn't it
这个是不是因为可持续发展战略不好 Is this because the sustainable development strategy is not good?
是不是可持续发展战略 Is it a sustainable development strategy?
就是一个空想 Is a fantasy
我要告诉大家我的答案 I want to tell you my answer.
我认为不是 I don't think so
可持续发展绝对是一个好的战略 Sustainable development is definitely a good strategy.
绝对是一个我们人类应该要奋斗的方向 It is definitely a direction we should strive for.
但是现在我们距离还很远 But now we are far away.
这个说明我们工作还没做到家 This shows that we have not been able to work at home.
这个工作主要三大方面 There are three main aspects of this work.
一大方面就是理念 One big aspect is the idea.
我们还没有把这种理念能够让所有人都能够掌握 We have not yet mastered this concept.
都为他去奋斗 To fight for him
第二个问题就是管理我们这个国家地方还有什么 The second question is what else is there to manage our country.
企业 Enterprise
包括我们的文教部门 Including our culture and education department
还没有把可持续发展作为我们的一个指导的一个战略 Sustainable development is not yet a strategy for our guidance.
都要来管理 To manage
从法律政策是吧 From the legal policy, right?
再加惩治什么等等都没有 No more punishment, nothing more.
到第三个就是技术 To the third is technology.
因为可持续发展要呼唤新的技术 Because sustainable development calls for new technologies
我们各行各业 All walks of life
我听说在座的都来自不同的学科 I heard that all of you are from different disciplines.
有环境的 Environmentally friendly
有建筑的是吧 There's a building right
也有机械的 Mechanical
有没有化工还没有 Is there any chemical industry yet?
反正就是很多专业跟我们清华也办一个公共课 In any case, there are many majors and Tsinghua also has a public class with us.
叫环境保护与可持续发展 Environmental protection and sustainable development
每年现在是春季秋季都上这个课 It is spring and autumn every year.
也是来自不同院系 From different departments
确实都有这个问题 It's a real problem.
各种各行业的专业的技术都要更新 All kinds of professional technology should be updated.
另外各个行业的人都要有这种理念 In addition, people in all industries should have this idea.
然后我们简单的打印这个声音还是有点轻 Then we simply print the sound a little light.
那么看一下 So take a look
我大声喂什么 What do I feed loudly?
这个是后面 This is the back
有了 There it is
要反映一下这样 To reflect this
我们下边对象好多了 The object below us is much better.
我们下面把可持续发展由来和实质讲完了 We have now finished the origin and substance of sustainable development.
我们稍微加几张片子 Let's add a few more films
看看中国的情况怎么样 Look at the situation in China.
我觉得中国的人口资源环境 I think China's population, resources and environment.
这个现状证明我们中国迫切需要来实现发展模式的改变 This situation proves that we in China urgently need to realize the change of development mode.
要来实施可持续发展 To implement sustainable development
我们中国人讲中国特色 We Chinese speak Chinese characteristics.
大家印象最深的是哪几个字 What are the most impressive words?
我印象最深的就是地大物博 What impressed me most was that I was rich in land and resources.
人口众多 Large population
是不是 Isn't it
这八个字对不对 Are these eight words right?
这八个字都对 These eight words are all right.
地很大 The ground is very large.
不很博人很多 Not very rich, a lot of people.
但是这八个字缺少一个非常简单的数学分析 But these eight words lack a very simple mathematical analysis.
如果我们把D大厨一出人口 If we put d chef out of the population
我们就得到一个结论 And we came to a conclusion
就是人均的土地面积很小 That is, the per capita land area is very small.
我们如果把资源的量总量是很多的 If we put the amount of resources is a lot.
但是如果我们除以除人口 But if we divide by population
我们就得到一个数字 We get a number
就是人均资源量很少 That is, the per capita resource is very small.
所以我们现在更要注意的 So we should pay more attention now.
我冒天下之大不韪 I'm going through a lot
对我们遗传一代一代传下来的中国特色提出一点非议 A little criticism of the Chinese characteristics passed down from one generation to the next
质疑我们 Question us
比如说你看我下面列了四六项非常重要的战略性资源 For example, I have listed four or six very important strategic resources.
我们跟世界人均值的比较都很可怜 We are poor compared with the world.
大家知道水资源很重要 We all know that water resources are very important.
你们在上海得天独厚 You are blessed in Shanghai.
水资源很丰富 Water resources are abundant.
但是在北京水资源就很弱 But in Beijing, water resources are weak.
从全国平均人均水资源只有世界人均的1/4 From the national average per capita water resources only 1/4 of the world per capita.
北京现在人均水资源是中国人均水资源的1/8 Beijing per capita water resources are now 1/8 of China's per capita water resources.
大家想想可怜不可怜 Let's think about it.
然后其他的土地还有石油天然气 Then there are other lands, oil and gas.
现在大家觉得煤炭肮脏 Now people think coal is dirty.
要用这个石油天然气 Use this oil and gas
但是我们都不到10%要靠进口 But we all depend on imports for less than 10%.
然后我们其他的还有很多数字我就不说了 Then we have a lot of other figures, I will not say.
这个是说多的 This is a lot to say.
然后就是讲的人均的 And then there's the per capita
我们有很多矿产资源已经要靠进口 We already have a lot of mineral resources to import.
要不然我们的工业就维持不了 Otherwise, our industry will not be able to sustain itself.
所以现在已经有人讲 So now it has been said
中国人在世界市场上买什么什么东西就涨价 The price of anything the Chinese buy on the world market will rise.
大家还记得不记得澳大利亚涨铁矿石的价格 Do you remember the price of iron ore in Australia?
因为我们中国钢铁产能过剩 Because we have excess steel capacity in China.
没有进口的铁的话 Without imported iron
我们根本就开不起门了 We can't open the door at all.
钢铁公司 Iron and steel company
结果你跟他吵 As a result, you argued with him.
你说你不应该这样涨价 You said you shouldn't raise the price like this
他不听你 He won't listen to you.
你有办法吗 Do you have a way?
中国就被人家控制住 China is controlled by others.
然后中国在世界市场上卖什么东西 Then what does China sell on the world market?
什么东西就跌价 Drop the price of anything
现在你们可以了解上海市场上买一件衣服 Now you can learn about buying a dress on the Shanghai market.
买一个什么这个挎包是吧 What do you want to buy?
跟纽约的价钱跟多伦多的价钱比一比 The price of New York is compared to that of Toronto.
甚至于在中国买药贵 It is even expensive to buy medicine in China.
因为他们世界市场控制 Because they control the world market.
你中国出口这个它就降价 If you export this in China, it will reduce the price.
所以这个是资源短缺的软肋 So this is the weakness of the shortage of resources.
给外国的世界市场抓住 Catch up with foreign world markets
这个是一张图 This is a picture.
说明我们中国的矿产资源储存量的情况 Explain the storage of mineral resources in China
我们可以看 We can see
这么多的矿产资源最多的煤炭 So much mineral resources, the most coal.
我们人均的煤炭储量还比世界人均煤炭储量小 Our per capita coal reserves are smaller than the world's per capita coal reserves.
就占了90% That's 90%
这是下课的铃声 This is the bell of the class.
两节课之间 Between two classes
所以这个也是说明我们资源已经缺口很多 Therefore, this also means that we have a large gap in resources.
这张图不是我做 This picture is not made by me.
但是我觉得非常说明问题 But I think it's very revealing
这张图是一个香港学者 This picture is a Hong Kong scholar.
我们在一块开会 We are having a meeting together.
我就问他要来 I asked him to come.
他把中国和美国放在一块比了一下 He compared China with the United States.
下面列了四四个数字 Four numbers are listed below.
我们看了四个数字以后会得出一个什么结论 What conclusion will we come to after looking at four figures?
中国和美国国土面积差了不多 China and the United States are not much different in land area.
但是中国人口是美国的四倍 But the population of China is four times that of the United States.
所以人均土地中国是美国的1/4不到 So per capita land, China is less than 1/4 of the United States.
然后人均耕地中国是美国的1/9多一点 Then the per capita cultivated land, China is more than 1/9 of the United States.
1/8不到 Not 1/8
一张图放在一块 Put a picture together
四个数字 Four numbers
这样八个数字在这比较给我们一个什么启发 What do these eight figures give us in this comparison?
我觉得给我们一个非常重要的吃法 I think give us a very important way to eat.
就是中国人的发展的道路 Is the way for the development of the Chinese people.
中国人的生产的模式和消费的模式能不能跟美国一样 Can the pattern of Chinese production and consumption be the same as that of the United States?
绝对不能 Absolutely not
我们不能把美国看作我们要努力的方向 We can't see the United States as the direction in which we should work.
做不到你 Can't do you
因为你没有这么个天然条件 Because you don't have such a natural condition.
对吧 Right
然后我们中国现在面临的问题 And then the problems we face in China
一个是自然环境 One is the natural environment.
我们先天就不足 We are born with a deficiency.
这干旱半干旱的地区占了很大的面积一半以上 This arid and semi-arid area accounts for more than half of the area.
然后我们现在的环境污染是发达国家在一百多年近接近200年里头 Then, our current environmental pollution is developed countries in more than one hundred years, nearly 200 years.
先后出现 Successive appearance
但是我们的经济发展速度很快 But our economy is growing fast.
40年不到走完了人家100年的工业化的道路 In less than 40 years, we have completed the road of industrialization.
所以我们现在前面的环境污染问题还没解决 So we have not solved the problem of environmental pollution in front of us.
后背的就出来 The back comes out
所以我们最后的问题是红字的蓝字的现在我们都存在 So our last problem is that we all exist now with the scarlet letter and the blue word.
而西方的发达国家可能面临的就是一些现在的新的问题 The western developed countries may face some of the new problems.
然后我们河流湖泊海湾都受到严重的污染 Then our rivers, lakes and bay are seriously polluted.
我们不详细讲了 We won't go into details.
大气环境污染很严重 The air pollution is very serious.
京津冀地区的雾霾天气 Haze weather in beijing-tianjin-hebei region
然后长江三角洲跟珠江三角洲也都有这些问题 Then the Yangtze river delta and the pearl river delta also have these problems.
当然这个程度不太一样 Of course, this level is not the same.
然后我们酸雨在全国受到酸雨影响的城市已经占了全国的1/3的 Then our acid rain in the country affected by acid rain in the city has accounted for 1/3 of the country.
城市那样多 So many cities
然后我们现在又有了pm2.5的标准 Then we now have the standard PM2.5.
所以我们好多地方都达不到这个标准 So we can't meet this standard in many places.
当然现在有所好转 Of course, it's getting better now.
但是离开全面达标还很远 But it is still a long way from reaching full standards.
然后我们的垃圾很多是不是垃圾包围城市的 Then we have a lot of garbage is not the garbage surrounding the city.
现在全国那么多的城市 There are so many cities in the country now.
恐怕一半以上的都有垃圾围城的现象 I'm afraid more than half of them are surrounded by garbage.
然后我们重金属污染的事情屡禁不绝 Then we keep heavy metal pollution on the line
这个都是现在参考消息上去登的 This is all published in the reference news.
说明我们现在媒体稍微透明度大了一点 It means that we have a little bit more transparency in the media now.
所以我可以摘到很多有很多人很多 So I can pick a lot, a lot of people, a lot of people.
尤其是儿童铅中毒葛中毒 Especially in children with lead poisoning
你看云南是六价格中毒 You see Yunnan is six price poisoning.
然后广西是另外一个格式 Then Guangxi is another format.
CD是C应该念是吧 The CD is C, should it be read?
六架I从然后这个也是 Six I from then on this too
然后重金属污染现在已经成了一个重点 Then heavy metal pollution has now become a focus.
我们环保部曾经有过一段时间宣称工业污染控制的差不多了 Our Ministry of environmental protection once claimed for a time that industrial pollution was almost controlled.
后来这些问题都暴露出来 Later, these problems were exposed.
这个话不敢讲是不是 I dare not say this, do I?
所以就很多的问题我们不详细去练 So there are a lot of problems, we do not go to practice in detail.
然后环境出现了很多健康问题 Then there are a lot of health problems in the environment.
这里头有国际组织公布的数字 There are first figures published by international organizations.
也有我们自己公布的数字 We have our own figures
所以这个方面我们的研究还不够深入 Therefore, our research on this aspect is not deep enough.
但是影响人体健康是必然的事 But it is necessary to affect human health.
确实 Indeed
这个也是报纸上登的 This is also in the newspaper.
健康受到这都是 Health is subject to this.
然后现在我们有一个现象是好的 And now we have a phenomenon that is good.
就是民众对环境问题强烈的关切 It is the people's strong concern about the environment.
我们经常可以看到由老百姓来起质疑是吧 We can often see that people are starting to question, right?
甚至于上街对我们搞环保的人 Even the people who go to the streets to protect our environment
我们也不希望上街 We don't want to go shopping either.
但是他上街说明老百姓已经也认识到这个是个大问题 But he took to the streets to show that the people have also realized that this is a big problem.
而且它采取这种比较极端的措施的话 And it takes this kind of extreme measure
实际上是有好的作用 In fact, it has a good effect.
所以这个也是应该注意的 Therefore, this should also be noted.
然后我们就来讲讲第二个问题 Then we'll talk about the second question.
就是生态文明的由来和实质 Is the origin and essence of ecological civilization.
我们说生态文明是人类文明的形势的一个阶段 We say that ecological civilization is a stage in the situation of human civilization.
我们人类曾经在过去的很多年的历史中 We humans have been in the history of the past many years.
曾经出现过三种不同的文明 There have been three different civilizations
第一种就是叫原始文明 The first is called primitive civilization.
当时我们人类的力量很弱很小 At that time, our human strength was very weak and small.
所以畏惧自然 So fear nature
大家都知道那个时候人对于自然界的一些现象 We all know that at that time, people about the nature of some of the phenomenon.
对于自然界的一些生物都顶礼膜拜 Worship some of nature's creatures
是吧 Right
把作为图腾来顶礼膜拜 Worship as a totem
因为人完全要依靠自然 Because people depend entirely on nature.
但是后来人掌握了一定的技术 But later on, people have mastered certain technology.
可以制作一定的工具 Can make a certain tool.
可以耕地了可以生产一些粮食 We can cultivate land and produce some grain.
本来是吃的都是自然界的天然东西 What we eat is natural to nature.
住也要靠吃 Live on food
就是衣食住行全部要靠自然 That is, everything depends on nature.
到了农耕文明人可以种一点粮食来保证自己的生存 When it comes to farming, civilized people can grow a little food to ensure their survival.
这个时候人有一点战天斗地的思想 At this time, people have a little idea of fighting against heaven and earth.
大家都知道我们中国有愚公移山的故事 We all know the story of the foolish old man who moved mountains in China.
是吧 Right
当时已经认为我门口有三座大山可以搬掉它 At that time, I thought there were three big mountains in front of me that could be removed.
但是当时的人还是非常注意 But at that time, people were very careful.
要顺应自然 Go with nature
要跟自然和谐相处 To live in harmony with nature
比如我们中国的天人合一论 For example, the theory of the unity of nature and man in China
现在看起来就是一个非常大的非常重要的一个理念 Now it seems to be a very big, very important idea.
我们现在要重拾这种天人合一的理念 We are now going to regain this idea of the unity of nature and man.
我等会还要补充讲一点 I would like to add one more point later
然后到了科学技术在进步 Then came the progress of science and technology.
我们出来了工业文明工业大大的发展 We have come out of the industrial civilization, the great development of industry.
这个时候的人的理念变了 At this time, people's ideas have changed.
人就出现了一种征服自然的思想 Man has come up with a thought of conquering nature.
战天斗地 Zhan Tian dou de
而且当时认为人类是我们地球上的中心 And at that time, we thought that human beings were the center of our earth.
所以出来了一种哲学理念叫人类中心主义 So there's a philosophy called anthropocentrism
人想干什么就可以干什么 People can do whatever they want.
而且一定能干成什么 And what can be done
就把这个人的作用提高到不恰当的位置 Raise the person's role to an inappropriate position.
结果就出现了很多环境问题 As a result, many environmental problems have arisen.
资源问题 Resource problem
生态问题 Ecological problem
所以到了已经到了这样的地步 So it has come to this point
就人都受到自己的危害了 Everyone is harmed by himself.
因为这个环境问题都是人类活动的结果 Because this environmental problem is the result of human activities.
污染的问题 Pollution problem
生态破坏的问题 Ecological damage
资源消耗都是人自己干出来的 The consumption of resources is done by people themselves.
所以已经受到害了 So it's already been hurt
人类就觉悟到一定要改变人和自然的关系 Human beings realize that we must change the relationship between man and nature.
不能够用战天斗地的态度来 Can not be enough to fight with the attitude of heaven and earth.
而应该要跟自然和谐相处 And we should live in harmony with nature.
甚至于要提出来我们人的经济发展要仿效自然 We should even mention that our economic development should follow the example of nature.
自然界本来是很健康的 Nature is very healthy.
没有什么矛盾 There is no contradiction.
就是说虽然也有大鱼吃小鱼 That is to say, although there are big fish to eat small fish.
小鱼吃虾米 Small fish eat shrimp
但是虾米和小鱼会不会从地球上消灭 But will shrimp and small fish be wiped out from the earth?
不会 Not
它自然的循环是不是 Is it a natural cycle?
而现在就已经到了一件一件几百万种的生物从地球上消灭 And now it's a million species of creatures that have been wiped out from the earth.
我一直要在请问大家说 I have been going to ask you to say
生物这样濒临灭亡 Creatures are so close to extinction
这样死掉了 Die like this
消除了 Eliminate
最后一个从地球上消失的生物种类会不会是人类 Will the last species to disappear from the earth be human?
好 Well
为什么说不是呢 Why not?
是人类不会在地球上消失 It's that humans don't disappear on earth.
还是人类会更早一点消失 Or will humans disappear sooner?
太对了 That's right
人类一定逃不掉从地球上消失的命运 Mankind must not escape the fate of disappearing from the earth.
而且会比很多弱小的生物要走的早 And it's going to be earlier than a lot of smaller creatures.
是不是 Isn't it
你看我说的绝对的苍蝇蚊子 You see, I'm talking about flies and mosquitoes.
蚂蚁它肯定还没死 The ant must not be dead.
人就不行了 People are no good
对不对 Right or wrong
所以这个是一个很大的 So this is a big one
所以人类觉悟到我们一定要转变跟自然的关系 Therefore, mankind has realized that we must change our relationship with nature.
我们一定要进入一个新的文明时代 We must enter a new era of civilization.
然后我们看到生态文明建设大的口号 Then we see the slogan of ecological civilization construction.
我们中中国是在世界各国中提的最早 Among us, China was the first among the countries in the world.
世界上有很多研究生态的学问 There is a lot of knowledge about ecology in the world.
比如我们有生态学 For example, we have ecology.
早就还有生态学 There has been ecology for a long time.
里头有湿地学是吧 It's got Geosciences in it isn't it
森林学 Forest science
然后什么水的也有很多 Then there is a lot of water.
然后最后在上个世纪的后半夜 And then finally in the middle of the last century
差不多70年代开始 Starting around the '70s
就有人提出生态工业学 It was suggested that ecological industry
就在研究拿生态的原理来搞工业 Is studying the principles of ecology for industry
然后80年代我看到已经有人提出生态城市和理念 Then, in the 1980s, I saw that people had put forward ecological cities and ideas.
而且有定义什么叫生态城市 And what is the definition of ecological city?
但是讲生态文明建设现在考证下来还是中国提的比较早 But speaking of the construction of ecological civilization, it is still relatively early for China to study it.
那么就提出来一定要建设生态文明 Then put it forward, we must build an ecological civilization.
然后我这里稍微讲一点点 And I'm going to talk a little bit here
就是西方的学问 Is the knowledge of the west
这个也很早就上个世纪的80年代 This is also very early in the 1980s.
这个是97年开会 This is the 97 meeting.
但是晕染这个公式是早一点就提了一个叫环境影响 But the formula for motion sickness was mentioned earlier, called environmental impact.
控制方程 Control equation
这个方程非常简单 This equation is very simple.
我们学什么的都能懂 We can understand everything we learn.
就是环境影响癌就能够代表资源消耗量 Environmental impact cancer can represent resource consumption
代表污染物的排放量 Representing emissions of pollutants
这个东西等于什么 What does this thing equal to?
等于人口 Equal to population
呈上人均GDPA再乘上单位GDP所产生的环境影响 The environmental impact of GDP per capita on GDP;
那么这个公式非常容易理解 So this formula is very easy to understand
那么为了要更好的说明一些观点 So to better illustrate some of the points
他把单位GDP所产生的环境影响除了一个倒数 He divided the environmental impact of a unit of GDP into a reciprocal one.
除了个倒数就给它定义了个名字 It was defined by a name except for a reciprocal.
就叫生态效率 It's called ecological efficiency
就是说你消耗单位量的资源 That is to say, you consume a unit of resources.
或者你排放单位量的污染物 Or the amount of pollutants you discharge per unit.
你能够支撑的GDP的增长 The growth of GDP that you can support
所以我们希望的是单位GDP所产生的环境影响越小越好 So what we hope is that the smaller the environmental impact per unit of GDP, the better.
是不是 Isn't it
也就是我们希望生态效率越高越好 That is, we hope that the higher the ecological efficiency, the better.
这个公式告诉我们 This formula tells us
你要减少总的环境影响 You have to reduce the overall environmental impact.
唯一的出路就是要提高生态效率 The only way out is to improve ecological efficiency.
那么在1997年一次欧洲的一次学术会议上 So at an academic conference in Europe in 1997
他们已经提出来这个口号 They have put forward the slogan.
要在一代人的时间里 In a generation
把资源能源和其他物质的效率提高十倍 Ten times the efficiency of resources, energy and other materials
这个非常有远见 This is very farsighted
那么有一位德国的科学家 So there's a German scientist
这位科学家 The scientist
一位教授叫维嘉斯特哈维恰克 A professor named weijiasitehaweiqiake.
他写了一个书叫fightfor He wrote a book called flightfor
我们中文有翻译举了好多例子 There are many examples of our Chinese translation.
我们很多工业产品 We have many industrial products.
包括冰箱 Including refrigerator
洗衣机包括什么 What does the washing machine include
就是生态效率提高了四倍 That is, the ecological efficiency has increased four times.
这位先生我们后来接触很多的 This gentleman we came into contact with a lot later
我跟他说你这本书很好 I told him that your book is very good.
在中国影响很大 It has a great influence in China.
他说落后了 He said he was behind.
我现在正在写饭就太要十倍 I'm writing a meal now, it's too much for ten times.
而且他跟我聊天 And he talked to me
还想起他是罗马俱乐部的一个成员 It was also remembered that he was a member of the club of Rome.
很有意思 Very interesting
而且聊天 And chat
他后来讲罗马俱乐部的增长极限拿到今天来的话 He later said that the growth limit of the club has come to today.
我要投反对票 I will vote against it